Alpine low temperatures and daily low temperatures are two very different concepts.
For example, at -15°C, many friends who live in the north in daily life will feel that even a thin sweater and jacket are enough. However, in the snow mountain climbing process, -15 °C may be much colder than the same temperature usually felt.
There are four reasons:
In daily life, we are often indoors or in the car. The time that we actually expose ourselves to the outdoors is very short. In mountain climbing, we often spend many days and 24 hours a day in cold temperatures. There is no room for buffering.
Because of the thin air and oxygen content at high altitudes, the body's self-adjustment will increase the number of red blood cells in the blood, increase blood viscosity, reduce the blood circulation rate, and reduce the ability to resist cold.
Due to altitude sickness, physical exhaustion, and lack of supplement during the mountain climbing process, the body’s own energy declines, resulting in a decline in the ability to resist cold.
In addition to absolute temperature, the more important indicator of the body's perception of temperature is the rate of heat loss. As the snow-capped mountain climbs, it will encounter bad weather such as snow and snow, and the speed of human body cooling will be greatly accelerated.
〗 〖Apparel
The principle of dress for snow mountain climbing is "warmth and light weight." The heat transfer is mainly "heat exchange, heat conduction and heat radiation" three ways, and among them, the fastest heat transfer, so the basic principle of warm mountain is: the formation of relatively stable insulation around the body - Such as dry air. Here are some ways to keep your body warm:
Torso ~ generally from the inside to the outside are followed by perspiration long internal security, grab fleece underwear, underwear, down pants, especially when the cold will wear down pants in the underwear, or fabric down jacket Waterproof and breathable material.
The main function of the long-distance perspiration is to rapidly expel the sweat produced during exercise and keep the body dry, avoiding the direct cold of the human body caused by the cold air flow. Usually synthetic materials with special weaving methods are basically not available in pure cotton and pure wool.
The main function of the fleece underwear is to form a relatively isolated and dry air layer around the body, thereby achieving the purpose of keeping warm. Made of synthetic or blended materials, it is light weight and easy to dry. With WindStopper material, it has better windproof function, and sometimes it can be directly used as a jacket.
The main function of the Emergency Jacket is breathable and windproof waterproof, forming a one-way breathable protective layer. At present, Gore-Tex is widely recognized internationally. Gore-Tex is a special coating with 9 billion tiny holes per square inch area, which can effectively prevent the entry of external moisture and cold air while allowing the full discharge of gaseous water molecules. In addition to Gore-Tex, many well-known brands also have independently developed fabrics with similar functions. The general length of the design is the length of the waist, the length of the front is short, and the length of the head is usually a hat. There are tightening parts on the head, waist, and ankle. The zipper is best designed for waterproof; the good underwear is on the elbow, elbow, waist, buttocks and shoulders. There are special designs, cuts, materials, and accessories that are considered from the use of functions, such as knees, sleeves, files, and trousers. Usually worn on the outermost floor.
The main function of down pants is to keep warm through a stable, dry and isolated air layer. When marching in good weather, it is generally not worn. The stuffing, fabric, and sewing methods of down garments determine the warmth of the garment. Fillers are available in different types of down and fluffy feathers. Some of the fabrics used are DryLoft, and the advanced ones are box-type. There are generally hats on the design, and the head, waist, and crotch are tightened. For extremely cold conditions, there are special styles for clothes and pants integration.
Under the premise that the head ~ is qualified for wearing the torso, the heat loss of the exposed head may account for 50% of the overall heat, so the warmth of the head cannot be ignored. There is usually a cap style (with or without a cap) and a hood style, depending on personal preference, cap sleeve type protection is generally better.
Limbs at the end ~ Due to the fact that the limbs are in exercise and use during climbing, "warmth and flexibility" are mutually contradictory and complementary.
Gloves pickers complete the main operation, according to the temperature and operating conditions from the inside to the outside, the gloves are divided into fingered plush gloves, fingers and windproof waterproof gloves and fingerless down gloves, according to different conditions to adjust the way of wearing .
Socks, warm socks are mostly pure wool or wool blended texture. Sometimes the innermost layer can wear cotton socks to increase comfort; when it is extremely cold, an airtight barrier layer can be added between the socks to isolate heat loss at the expense of breathability. The more the socks don't wear, the warmer they are, depending on the gap between the feet and the high boots. Keeping the full flow of the capillaries in the foot is the key to avoiding frostbite.
The snow jacket is the equipment that connects the high mountain boots and outer pants. It mainly prevents the snow from entering the warmth layer from the joints, and it can also play a certain windproof effect. Good Gore-Tex materials are used in good snow cover.
Experience
When choosing cold-proof equipment, first consider the purpose and scope of use, followed by the size of the wear to pay attention to the size of the size.
In the process of climbing snow-capped mountains, people must use effective equipment to expand their capabilities and resist damage from the harsh environment. Good protection can indeed avoid accidents. But people cannot become slaves of equipment, but they should always be the masters of the goods. Therefore, after a certain amount of experience, the weather can be allowed to wear appropriately, so as to have a clearer understanding and grasp of the scope of application of different equipment.
The above are some of the personal experience, I hope to get the correction of Fangjia!
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