1. Bamboo willow is a new type of willow tree that uses high-tech composite germplasm materials to pass through high-tech composite germplasm. Because of its genetic basis, it not only has all the excellent characteristics of willow, but also has faster growth and resistance than other new willow varieties. Strong and good material, it is a very rare high-quality fast-growing timber tree. At the moment of vigorously creating artificial forests, experts believe that the area of ​​poplars now being built is very large, and there is a conflict between the idea of ​​creating mixed forests that is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of forest diseases at the macro level. In the past, the old willow tree species were long and curved, and the canopy was particularly large. It was used as a garden decoration, and the house was chilled in front of the house. Due to the extremely low planting density and lower economic benefits, almost no one went to large-scale development. As one of the outstanding tree species, Zhuliu, from its inception to the present, has been more and more cultivated and highly loved by people. Now summarize many of its excellent features as follows:
A. Zhuliu has remarkable fast-growing characteristics and high economic benefits: after one month of growth, the rapid growth is accelerated; compared with ordinary fast-growing willows and common willows, bamboo willow grows faster and biomass Large, high output and high economic efficiency. Of course, the high efficiency generated refers to the bamboo willows under the premise of good scientific management. When the site conditions are suitable, and the management conditions such as water, fertilizer, and pest control are good, the growth of the 1-year-old tree is as high as 3-6 meters (the growth of the south is larger than that of the north, and the diameter is 2-3 cm or more. Artificial construction Short-term afforestation, no seedlings, 5-6 years can be short-term rotation or tidying, the average height of a single plant can reach 15 meters when harvested for 6 years, when the breast diameter is about 20 cm, the volume is about 0.3 cubic meters.
B. Bamboo willow has the characteristics of high-density planting and high-yield: the high-density cultivation of bamboo will have an important biological basis. Generally, the common willow tree is a dry tree with no growth center, the side branches are long, and the height of the side branches is less than 2 to 3 meters. The crown naturally forms a spherical shape and grows slowly. The bamboo willows are tree species with dry growth centers, such as tall poplars and metasequoia, the lateral branches have relatively short growth, and the branches are small, the growth potential of the lateral branches is relatively weak, and the trunk has a straight top growth advantage. very strong, narrow crown canopy like arbutifolia (DPRK Liu) tall and narrow crown poplar, and therefore the number of recruits per acre cultivated, high utilization of land, economic efficiency per unit area is also a natural high when planted. The creation of artificial bamboo willow forest also broke the concept of plant spacing. The standard planting mode of fast-growing poplar large diameter timber is 36 plants/mu, the standard planting mode of bamboo willow large diameter is 300 plants/mu, the standard planting mode of fast-growing poplar medium-diameter timber is 48 plants/mu, and the standard planting mode of bamboo willow medium-diameter timber is 400. Plant/mu; ultra-short-term rotation planting, 1300 plants per mu; if the biomass energy forest is cut down in the same year, it can be planted to 7,000-10,000 plants per acre.
C, Zhuliuxi water has strong resistance to salt and alkali, and has strong adaptability: the results of experiment on salt-alkaline soil and salt-alkali stress cultivation in Shandong coastal, Daqing show that the survival rate of bamboo will reach 70% and 90% respectively, and its limit PH value. 8.0-8.5 and salinity amounted 14000ppm. It is more advantageous to plant bamboo willows in areas with better irrigation conditions or better rainfall, or in large areas such as rivers and lakes. The cultivation adaptability of bamboo willow is very strong, and almost all places where ordinary willows can be planted can grow very well. Bamboo will resist cold, drought, flood, salt and alkali, and the survival rate of cultivation is high. Planting different sizes of seedlings for cultivation in places where water can be watered. The survival rate of scientific methods is generally above 95%.
D, bamboo willows are widely used, can be widely used in paper pulp production, forestry biomass energy forest base construction: bamboo willow wood quality is good, bamboo willow wood resistance, bending, tensile, shear resistance, etc. than wild birch Better with poplar, it is the best material for making plywood, paper and high-quality frame, and the wood is fine and uniform, not hollow, not black, white from side to heart, natural whiteness is 50-60% before bleaching. The wood has a high pulp yield, soft fiber and high weaving power, so the quality of the wood pulp produced is high, and the raw material consumption is low, the alkali amount is low (only 4%), the processing temperature is low, the pressure is low, and the pressure is lowered. The production cost also greatly reduces the pollution load.
In order to ensure a stable supply of food, we ensure world food security. In terms of energy conversion technology, technology development for solid molding fuel, fuel ethanol, biomass feedstock power generation/heat supply for non-grain plant raw materials has been carried out at home and abroad. And has developed a technical process for the production of ethanol using lignocellulosic feedstock. Zhuliu high calorific value, high carbon to nitrogen ratio, high biomass, suitable for harvesting, rotation and unit production requirements of energy tree species. Excellent energy forest species should be 4 rounds for 4-6 years, and can be harvested 5-7 times in a row; energy density is high and quality is good. These requirements are eligible for bamboo willows. In such a short period of time, as long as the scientific management of fertilizer and water for planting is emphasized and strengthened (unlike forests in the past, only forests and forests are used), as long as the pest control work without pests and diseases is emphasized, efforts can be made to realize the construction of energy forest bases. Great goal.
In the case of China’s established national policy of pledge to protect 1.8 billion mu of arable land, there are still a large number of unsuitable agricultural land in the country, such as the barren hills and wasteland, the rivers and rivers, the rivers, the rivers, the islands, the beaches, the beaches, the wetlands, and the artificial reservoirs. , marginal land such as Haizi border, inland saline-alkali land, sand wasteland with high groundwater level, mines, oilfield reclamation land. According to experts' estimates, if 20% of the land is used to grow energy plants, the annual biomass growth per hectare can reach 300 million tons, equivalent to more than 150 million tons of standard coal. Liu Susheng, short-term cutting, high-density forest, used to produce raw materials for energy, has enormous resource advantages and potential. In the current situation of domestic and international production of ethanol and coal-to-liquids projects, the development of biomass liquid fuels in China is an unprecedented hot issue in the industry. The state has attached great importance to the development of forestry biomass energy. Gradually increase government input and guidance, deepen land reform and land transfer, and adopt fiscal, taxation, subsidy and other policy instruments to encourage the participation of various economic entities in the development and utilization of forestry biomass energy, and encourage and support the development of forestry biomass energy. . There are not many biomass available in China's original forests. It is necessary to speed up the construction of fast-growing, high-yield, high-energy and multi-effect energy forest bases; start the project of energy tree species cultivation and utilization, forest electricity (gas or heat) integration. Accelerate the development of forestry biomass energy. Only through cooperation and efforts in all aspects can we help to reproduce the resource advantages of artificial forests and make new and greater contributions to safeguarding national energy security, food security and accelerating the development of ecological countries.
As an excellent variety of fast-growing trees, Zhuliu is interested in many growers. After mastering the high-efficiency cultivation techniques of bamboo willows, it can achieve high-yield cultivation. This has great potential. Now entering the season of introduction and cultivation of spring seedlings, we can provide high quality bamboo seedlings with reliable source, the height range is 20cm-2.5m, and the ground diameter is within 3mm-2cm. The seedlings have high degree of lignification, strong axillary buds and strong activity regardless of seedlings or seedlings.
First, "the coal industry" - bamboo willow biomass molding fuel
With the development of society, the primary energy sources such as coal and oil are decreasing, the pressure of the global energy crisis is further increasing, and the development of various alternative energy sources is becoming more and more rapid, especially the renewable biomass can be more and more widely used. It is valued by all countries. Current biomass energy mainly includes: solid biomass fuel, liquid biomass fuel, and gas biomass fuel.
Due to the low heat utilization rate of direct combustion of materials, the development of solid biofuels is based on the use of modern technology to solidify biomass to form biomass-forming fuels and increase energy density. On the other hand, new combustion technologies are used. Use new stoves and boilers to increase thermal efficiency. At present, solid biomass energy is mainly based on agricultural waste, forestry waste, livestock manure, energy crops, and fast-growing energy forest raw materials.
Planting energy crops, producing material-forming fuels, replacing traditional coal, fuelwood and other fuels, as fuel for various boilers and fuel heating devices, is relatively easy to achieve industrial operation and create considerable economic benefits in a relatively short period of time. The direction of development. Biomass molding fuel can be used as fuel for combustion equipment such as steam boilers, hot water boilers, organic heat carrier boilers, steam generators, fireplaces, etc. The manufacturing technology of combustion equipment is mature, and various practical equipments are also widely available. Sales. Whether it is factories, hotels, hospitals, schools, bathing, catering, office buildings and other units, or food, chemical, printing and dyeing, heating, power generation and other industries can use biomass molding fuel, even ordinary people can also use.
The combustion equipment using biomass-forming fuel as the raw material has the same principle and material as the coal-fired combustion equipment, so the equipment price is basically the same. Moreover, the conventional combustion equipment can be transformed into a biomass-forming fuel-based combustion equipment, and the biomass-forming fuel does not require repeated purchase of equipment.
The manufacturing technology of biomass molding fuel has matured, with many types of equipment and wide sales. That is, there are models for 3 to 5 tons per hour that are suitable for large enterprises, and models with 0.5 to 2 tons per hour for small manufacturers. Moreover, the price of small equipment is between 10,000 yuan and 100,000 yuan, which is basically equivalent to the output value of the equipment for 4 and 5 months. The cost recovery cycle is very short; the large equipment is more efficient than mechanical equipment, and its cost recovery cycle is smaller than that of small equipment. Be short.
Biomass-forming fuels are also environmentally friendly and can achieve “zero†emissions of greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. The energy of biomass-forming fuels comes from the solar energy that is fixed on plants by photosynthesis in nature. The carbon dioxide released during combustion comes from the growth of plants and is the absorption of carbon dioxide in nature. Therefore, biomass-forming fuels have carbon dioxide ecological “zero†emissions. specialty. The burning of coal will increase the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere, which will further aggravate the global warming effect. The biomass forming fuel produced by using the plant as a raw material has a fixed carbon content of 15.99%, a sulfur content of 0.05%, and a nitrogen content of 0.14%. Biomass forming fuel is a typical low-carbon fuel, and the sulfur and nitrogen content is low, and the pollutants generated by combustion are few. The sulfur dioxide emission reduction can be realized without desulfurization equipment, and the dust removal device can achieve dust emission compliance. The use of biomass-forming fuels is in line with the environmental protection trend of “reducing carbon emissions and reducing pollutionâ€.
The source of raw materials for biomass-forming fuels is unique. Compared with bio-alcohol-based fuels based on grain and biodiesel based on oil crops, there is no “contention with people†and “competition with peopleâ€. The social problem of the land. Biomass forming fuel raw materials are widely distributed, low in cost, and can be grown cyclically, which is also a typical recycling economy. Therefore, vigorously developing biomass-forming fuels has good economic, ecological and social benefits, can reduce emissions and reduce pollution, increase the environment for greening and improvement, help solve the "three rural issues", promote employment and increase farmers' income, and effectively promote "harmony". Social construction. Under the background of "developing circular economy and building an environment-friendly society", the development of biomass molding fuel industry will surely receive more and more attention, which is a promising future.
At present, the tree species commonly used as fuel energy forests are mainly poplar, eucalyptus and willow. The annual growth of the highest dry matter in poplar, eucalyptus and willow is 8-122.8 tons, 29.32-3.72 tons and 62.34-6.58 tons, equivalent to 0.7 tons, 2.3 tons and 4.3 tons of dry matter per mu. . The researchers found that the growth rate of juvenile willows is significantly higher than that of other common energy tree species. Therefore, willow trees are more suitable for the ultra-short-term rotation of short-stem forest system trees, and the short rotation period is easier to ensure the frequency of production of raw materials and thus improve the production. The utilization rate of material forming fuel equipment saves costs.
Can be used as an energy tree to produce willow trees can be planted at high density or even high density, which is also the main reason for the annual production of dry matter per unit. According to experiments conducted by Beijing Forestry University, the density of a certain annual seedling of a willow plant in China is 15625 plants/ha, and the biomass per plant above is higher, 0.13 kg, and the growth per hectare is 2 tons; At a density of 200,000 plants/ha, the biomass per hectare is 14 tons, and the biomass per plant is 0.07 kilograms.
Zhuliu is a new variety of fast-growing willows with multiple crosses, deciduous trees, with obvious central leadership, straight tree body, strong top growth, less side branches and small branching angles. The crown is smaller than the average willow and grows vigorously. It is fast and suitable for high-density planting. It is an excellent tree species for establishing biomass-forming fuel bases. Observations in actual production show that when the planting density of the Cologne fast-growing seedlings is 12,375 plants/ha, the biomass per plant above the ground is 0.245 kg, and the growth per hectare is 3 tons; when the planting density is 180,000 At the time of the hectare, the amount of aboveground biomass of the bamboo shoots is 0.21 kg, and the growth per hectare is 38 tons. However, according to the characteristics of bamboo willow, the planting density can be increased to 400,000 plants/ha (equivalent to 27,000 plants per mu), and the annual growth per hectare is expected to reach 75 tons, equivalent to 5 tons per mu, and the energy contribution per mu is equivalent. At 2.3 tons of standard coal.
If the new variety is in the early stage of promotion and there are fewer seedlings, use Cologne “plant non-test tube efficient rapid propagation technology†to carry out low-cost high-speed breeding of seedlings, and grow strong in situ to promote growth, which can be used as the basic seedlings, and then from the foundation. The small-branched strips on the seedlings use the Cologne straight-line afforestation technology, which will greatly reduce the production cost of the seedlings, and easily solve the bottleneck problem in the ultra-high-density planting of the bamboo and biomass biomass forest base.
We have actually done 1 million plants per hectare (about 67,000 plants per mu), each plant has a growth of more than 0.15 kg, and the growth per hectare will exceed 150 tons, equivalent to more than 10 tons per mu. The raw material value of bamboo shoots per mu is 3000-5000 yuan (the market price of corn stover which can be used as biomass fuel is 250 yuan per ton, and the market price of lignocellulosic fuel is 500 yuan per ton). Cologne "plant non-test tube efficient rapid propagation technology" is adopted. And Cologne direct afforestation technology, the cost per mass of large-scale production is generally less than 1,500 yuan, so the direct income per mu of land is 1,500-3,500 yuan. The capacity per mus is equivalent to 6.4 tons of raw coal (the energy per ton of straw is equivalent to 0.64 tons of raw coal). Since each 1 kg of raw coal is equivalent to 0.7143 kg of standard coal, the final energy contribution per acre is equivalent to 4.57 tons of standard coal. That is to say, the annual production capacity of the “Bamboo Willow Biomass Fuel Base†of 100,000 mu is equivalent to the production capacity of a medium-sized coal mine with an annual output of 640,000 tons of raw coal equivalent to 457,000 tons of standard coal, with raw coal from the original origin in early January 2008. The average price of 520 yuan per ton and Qinhuangdao transit coal price of 595 yuan / ton as a reference, such a "bamboo willow biomass molding fuel base" annual output value can exceed 3.3 billion.
The bamboo willow is suitable for planting in most parts of the country, and the suitable area covers almost the whole of China. Zhuliu Xishui is resistant to moisture and salt and alkali, and a large number of Yilin barren hills and wasteland, valley rivers and beaches, rivers and rivers, riverside islands, beaches, wetlands, artificial reservoirs, seabeds, inland saline-alkali land, water table The marginal land such as higher sand wasteland, mine, oilfield reclamation land can be planted and utilized; it can grow normally under the conditions of pH 8.0-8.5 and salt content 14000ppm. China has 53.73 million hectares of Yilin barren hills and wasteland, and 14.7 million hectares of land for returning farmland to forests. A total of 67.53 million hectares of land can be used for energy forestry. 15% of them can build more than 1,500 bases, achieving a total capacity potential of 686 million tons of standard coal. China's raw coal output in 2008 was 2.622 billion tons, equivalent to 1.873 billion tons of standard coal; coal production in Shanxi Province was 680 million tons; the energy contribution potential of 1,500 100,000 mu scale bamboo waste biomass fuel base can reach 2008 nationwide. Nearly one-third of coal production is equivalent to recreating a coal-powered province that never dies.
A few days ago, the State Council identified the second batch of 32 resource-exhausted cities, including the previously identified 12 resource-exhausted cities, with a total of 44, distributed in 19 provinces. There are 30 cities involved in the depletion of coal resources, with a land area of ​​217.47 million mu and a population of 31.45 million. There are 9 cities involved in the depletion of forest resources, with a land area of ​​1.28 million square kilometers and a population of 7.2 million. “Bamboo willow biomass molding fuel base†can effectively utilize low-quality land in depleted mining areas, and can effectively drive the transfer of mining labor and realize the transformation of energy types without the need to subvert the entire industry, which can achieve cost savings, employment and recovery. The organic unity of ecology. At the same time, it is a good choice to maintain and restore forest resources by constructing a certain scale of “Bamboo Willow Biomass Fuel Baseâ€. Some qualified mineral depleted areas can also use this idea to develop biomass energy industry and make effective use of land and human resources.
The construction of the large-scale “Bamboo Willow Biomass Fuel Base†will bring about ecological benefits such as improving the environment, conserving water sources, greening wasteland, and increasing carbon sinks, especially the society that can drive a large number of labor and employment, and increase farmers’ income. The benefits are even more impressive. It can also promote the development of resource-exhausted areas and the transfer of labor. It is a great cause that benefits the country and the people.
2. Zhuliu Energy Forest Construction will play an important role in the commercialization of ecological oil.
During the global economic downturn, both the United States and China, the global economy hopes that breakthroughs in new energy can become a breakthrough in the recovery of the world economy. It is understood that China's oil import dependence has exceeded 50%. It is estimated that by 2020, China's oil supply and demand gap will reach 400 million tons. Therefore, the development of new energy and renewable energy has become an inevitable choice to ensure national energy diversification and energy supply security. .
Recently, the first overseas listed company in Guangzhou, Dyson Energy Group, announced that the first “ecological oil†technology in China has been successfully developed. The highest yield of ecological oil produced by agricultural and forestry waste can reach 70%, and the calorific value of 2 tons of ecological oil obtained is equivalent to 1 ton of fuel oil. In actual production, 4 tons of agricultural and forestry waste can produce 2 tons of oil, which can replace 1 ton of fuel oil or diesel. In recent years, the price of diesel is about 5,000 yuan per ton, while the price of ecological oil is only 1,000 yuan per ton, only half of the cost of using diesel. We are fully convinced that we will vigorously promote the development of ecological oil fields and will eventually end the era of oil dependence.
I. Overview of ecological oil
Eco-oil is produced by special processes using various agricultural and forestry wastes (such as straw, sawdust, bagasse, rice bran, etc.) with ultra-high heating rate, 1-2 seconds of ultra-short product residence time and moderate cracking temperature. A clean liquid fuel similar to crude oil. Because of the ecological “zero†emission characteristics of its raw material source, production and use process, it is different from “biodieselâ€. Eco-oil will be used in the following aspects: 1. It can be directly applied to thermal equipment such as boilers and kiln as an alternative fuel for ordinary fuel oil. At present, it has been successfully applied to industrial boilers, kiln and other fields to replace heavy oil/diesel, and the combustion condition is good; 2. After hydrogenation catalytic cracking or catalytic gasification synthesis process, refined eco-oil can be obtained, and its quality is close to that of ordinary motor gasoline. And diesel, which can be used as fuel for gasoline engines and diesel engines; 3. High value-added chemicals and chemical raw materials obtained through deep processing. According to reports, eco-oil has the competitive advantage in price. According to the calorific value of 2 tons of ecological oil, the price of eco-oil is less than half of the price of fuel oil. The price of diesel is about 5,000 yuan, while the price of ecological oil is only 1,000 yuan per ton. For enterprises, it is equivalent to saving 30% to 40% of fuel costs.
Second, the advantages of developing ecological oil in China
1. China has abundant agricultural and forestry waste. The amount of cultivated land in China must reach 1.8 billion mu, which means that at least 700-800 million tons of various agricultural and forestry wastes are produced every year in China (of course, we do not agree with the phenomenon of agricultural straw raw materials competed with China's aquaculture and feed industries. Moreover, the stability of continuous production of ecological oil or biomass solid fuel supplied by agricultural straw is indeed poor. According to the distribution of resources, only more than 500 10,000-ton ecological oil factories in Guangdong Province can be built, which is equivalent to moving medium and large oil fields to Guangdong. If each factory produces 20,000 tons of ecological oil per year, one factory is equivalent to 10 oil wells, and its construction cost is only about 1/5 of that of medium and large oil fields. The construction period is only equivalent to 1/2-1 of medium and large oil fields. /3, and it is a "green oil field" that never runs dry.
2. China has a large number of land resources that can develop energy forests. A large number of Yilin barren wasteland, valley river beach, Jiangxinzhou, Hexin Island, coastal beach, developable wetland, artificial reservoir wetland, Haizi border, inland saline-alkali land, sand wasteland with high groundwater level, Marginal land such as mines and oilfield reclamation land can be exploited and utilized. According to experts' estimates, if 20% of the land is used to grow energy plants, the annual biomass production per hectare can reach 300 million tons.
3. There are abundant resources of energy forest trees. Through the unremitting efforts of scientific research workers, China has cultivated many trees, shrub plantations, high-density, ultra-short rotation, high calorific value, fast-growing, strong sprouting ability, strong resistance to pests and diseases, many willows, poplars, The construction of new varieties of energy forests such as eucalyptus has formed a certain scale.
Third, the advantages of bamboo willows in the development of ecological forests in energy forest construction
1, bamboo willows have high growth and high calorific value. As an energy Liu, it grows fast, is pruned, can be flattened many times, can be planted at high density, and can be flattened once a year. The 5 cm high seedlings cultivated in May have an average density of 100 plants per square meter, and the number of plants per mu is 66,700,000. The fall leaves in Shandong to autumn are 2 cm, the ground is 10 cm at 1.8 cm, the breast diameter is 1.2 cm, and the plant height is 270 cm. At the end of February, the average weight per plant was 209.4g (measured on the ground with a weight of 10cm above the level). The wet weight of the material produced by the mu was 13967kg, about 14 tons. The dry matter weight per mu of bamboo will be about 10 tons. (The relative water content of the willow plant is 25%-30%) According to the eco-oil industry demonstration device that the Dyson Group is running, the highest ecological oil conversion rate of different raw materials is up to 70%, that is, 1 ton of agricultural and forestry products can be prepared into 700 kg of ecology. Oil calculation, bamboo willow is a high-quality raw material for the production of ecological oil, which can achieve a high yield, that is, 600-700 kg of ecological oil per 1 ton of dried bamboo material, and an acre of bamboo willow energy can produce 6-7 tons a year. Eco-oil, according to the calorific value, 2 tons of ecological oil can replace 1 ton of fuel oil or diesel, then the eco-oil produced by one mu of bamboo willow energy forest will replace 3 - 3.5 tons of fuel oil or diesel. According to the growth characteristics of the willow tree, the amount of material produced in the second year after Liuping was larger. According to the characteristics of high germination rate, high density and rapid growth of bamboo willow, under the premise of strengthening the management of fertilizer and water, bamboo willow can be harvested once every year, and can be harvested for at least 5 consecutive years. Nowadays, the space for reducing the production cost of bamboo willow seedlings is still very large. In addition to the successful application of the low-cost and rapid-exploitation technology of small bamboo shoots, the economic benefits of large-scale development of bamboo and biomass energy forests are very high.
2, Zhuliu is resistant to drought, thinness and wide adaptability. It has strong water-resistance, anti-salt and alkali-resistance characteristics and strong adaptability: the results of experiment on salt-alkaline soil and salt-alkali stress cultivation in Shandong coastal area and Daqing show that the survival rate of bamboo will reach 70% and 90% respectively, and its limit PH value is 8.0-. 8.5 and salt content up to 14000ppm. It is more advantageous to plant bamboo willows in areas with better irrigation conditions or better rainfall, or in large areas such as rivers and lakes. The cultivation adaptability of bamboo willow is very strong, and almost all places where ordinary willows can be planted can grow very well. Bamboo will resist cold, drought, flood, salt and alkali, and the survival rate of cultivation is high. In the place where water can be watered, different sizes of seedlings are planted for cultivation, and the survival rate of scientific method is generally above 95%. In this way, the area of ​​planting bamboo willows in China is very large, and while creating great economic value, it has made great contributions to the construction of China's ecological environment.
In the current situation of domestic and international production of ethanol and coal-to-liquids projects, the development of biomass liquid fuels in China is an unprecedented hot issue in the industry. The state has attached great importance to the development of forestry biomass energy. Gradually increase government input and guidance, deepen land reform and land transfer, and adopt fiscal, taxation, subsidy and other policy instruments to encourage the participation of various economic entities in the development and utilization of forestry biomass energy, and encourage and support the development of forestry biomass energy. . The construction of bamboo willow fast-growing, ultra-short rotation, high-density forest, to develop the ecological oil industry, has enormous resource advantages and potential.
Third, high-density cultivation of bamboo willow charcoal forest for biomass energy generation - high economic efficiency, broad market prospects.
Biomass power generation mainly uses agriculture, forestry, industrial waste, and energy tree species in marginal land to develop fuelwood forests as raw materials, and can also use municipal waste as raw materials to adopt direct combustion or gasification.
In recent years, the shortage of coal supply and the shortage of thermal coal stocks have become commonplace. At home and abroad, great attention has been paid to the generation of biomass resources that are highly renewable and beneficial to environmental improvement and sustainable development. First, bio-generation is “green powerâ€, which uses renewable resources. Biomass power generation not only provides new energy for sustainable development, but also achieves energy conservation, environmental protection, climate protection, and implementation of strong agriculture. The policy of benefiting farmers and providing farmers with ash and ash fertilizers. Second, biomass power generation has good power quality and high reliability in renewable energy power generation. It is much better than intermittent power generation such as small hydropower, wind power and solar power generation. It can be used as a supplementary energy source for small hydropower, wind power and solar power generation. High economic value; Third, under the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, rural energy structure is transformed from traditional biomass energy utilization to modernization. Biomass power generation is an important way of this transformation; fourth is rich biomass. Energy resources need to be effectively developed and utilized, processing value-added, and economic development. At present, China's biomass energy resources are 700 million tons of standard coal. With the return of farmland to forests and the cultivation of firewood forests, it is estimated that by 2020, the biomass energy resources will reach 9.0 billion tons of standard coal, which plays an important role in China's energy resources. Status; Fifth, biomass power generation technology is relatively mature.
The Medium and Long-term Development Plan for Renewable Energy, which was reviewed and approved by the State Council on June 7, 2007, proposes that by 2020, the installed capacity of biomass power generation in China will reach 30 million kilowatts, reaching 3% of the national installed capacity in 2020. Since December 2006, China’s first biomass power plant, Shandong Province’s Shanxian Biomass Power Plant, has been built with power generation. There are successively Gaotang and Kenli biomass power plants in Shandong Province, and Weixian and Cheng’an Bio-Power Plants in Hebei Province. , Jiangsu Sheyang Biomass Power Plant, Heilongjiang Wangkui Biomass Power Plant, Jilin Province Liaoyuan Biomass Power Plant, Henan Jixian, Luhan Biomass Power Plant and other biomass power plants have been connected to the grid for power generation. Chongqing Energy Investment Group plans to invest 400 million yuan to build a 2×15,000 kW biomass power plant in Zhongxian and Dianjiang. Shanxi plans to build 14 biomass power generation projects by 2012, with an annual power generation of 900 million kWh. As of January 5, 2009, 15 of the bio-power plants built by Guoneng Bio-Power Group Corporation have been put into commercial operation, with a total of 2.6 billion kWh of “green power†and 3 million tons of straw consumed. 1.2 million tons, reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 2.5 million tons.
According to estimates, the investment in the construction of a 25,000-kilowatt biomass direct-fired power generation project, calculated by operating 6,000 hours per year, can generate 150 million kilowatt-hours per year, and consume 200,000 tons of agricultural and forestry waste annually. After collection and processing. In transportation and transportation, the average cost to the power plant is about 300-350 yuan per ton, which can increase the number of jobs for local farmers by more than 1,000, increase the income to more than 60 million yuan, and obtain 4000 tons of fertilizer grass and wood ash. . Compared with the same type of thermal power unit, it can replace about 50,000 tons of standard coal and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by about 150,000 tons per year. "China's biomass energy resources are now about 700 million tons of standard coal per year. Only straw directly burns and generates electricity. Each year, Chinese farmers will increase their income by more than 5 billion yuan without any new investment; and it will be China. The largest environmental protection project effectively solves the air pollution caused by straw burning and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Only straw direct combustion power generation will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 25 million tons, save nearly 10 million tons of standard coal, and add 15 billion kilowatts of green electricity. Time."
However, the current development and application of biomass power generation in China is very limited. Han Wenke, deputy director of the Energy Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission's Macroeconomic Research Institute, said that biomass energy is characterized by abundant resources and stable distribution, but it is difficult to collect and transport. It is used for shortage of power generation materials and funds, and policies and other factors seriously restrict biomass. The power generation, especially the biomass energy gap is very large. For the main problems of biomass power generation, experts believe that the policy funds are well solved, the biomass materials should be adapted to local conditions, and overall planning should be formulated. Special incentive policies should be formulated and researched and formulated. Relevant promotion policies, attracting social investment to develop renewable energy, the government should further implement the protection policies and incentive policies for renewable energy, and more than 54 million hectares of land in the forests, sandy land, mines and oil fields that are not suitable for farming in China. With nearly 100 million hectares of marginal land such as reclamation land, it is the fundamental way to vigorously develop man-made high-yield fast-growing charcoal forests, and it is one of the important ways to solve biomass energy generation in today's world.
The firewood forest refers to the forest trees (arbor forest and shrub forest) with the main purpose of producing firewood and fuel. The firewood forest is a kind of fast-growing renewable energy. There are no fixed tree species, and it is usually more resistant to drought and thinness. The tree species with strong sprouting ability, fast growth, strong regeneration ability, high-resistance and high burning value are used for construction and cultivation. Many timber species are also excellent charcoal forest species, such as the new biomass energy energy forest, the excellent fast-growing tree. Bamboo willow, high calorific value, high biomass, strong resistance, can choose non-cultivated land planting area, it is very suitable for the cultivation of biomass charcoal power.
The high calorific value of bamboo willow: biomass power generation, the theoretical calorific value is calculated according to the thermal power equivalent of 860 kcal per kilowatt, or 0.1229 kg of standard coal (actually 360 g). According to the biomass power plant, the power generation per ton of straw is equivalent to one ton of coal, and the burning of 1 kilogram of wood as a bamboo tree of the firewood forest is expected to release about 18,000 kilojoules of heat, totaling 4,300 kcal (reference data: Wood burning heat release 16740 kJ1 kJ = 1000 joules 1 kcal 1 card 1 calorie = 1000 card 1 kcal / 1 kcal / 1 calorie (kcal) = 4.184 kJ (kJ) 1 card = 4. 182 joules. The electricity is: 1 degree (kWh) = 3600000 joules), that is, about 1.6 tons of bamboo willow wood is equivalent to one ton of coal.
The high biomass of bamboo willows: bamboo willows can be planted in high-density forests, and can be used for power generation. The seedlings of 5 cm high cultivated in May have an average density of 100 plants per square meter and 66,700,000 plants per mu. To the autumn leaves in Shandong, the ground diameter is 2cm, the ground is 10cm at 1.8cm, the rice diameter is 1.2cm, and the plant height is 270cm. After crossing the winter, the average plant weight is 209.4g at the end of February (measured ground 10cm flat mouth and above weight) ), the wet weight of the material produced by the mu: 13967kg, about 14 tons, and the dry matter weight per mu of bamboo willow is about 10 tons. (The relative water content of the willow plant is 25%-30%, the calculation of the water content of the wood: the water content is calculated based on the weight of the wet wood. The calculated value is called the relative water content, and the calculation formula is: W=[(G Wet-G dry) ÷G wet]×100%. Generally, when wood is used as a fuel, the phase water content is used as a standard. The calorific value of wood is largely determined by the relative water content. It is expected that the second will be the second. According to the characteristics of high germination rate, high density and rapid growth, the bamboo willow can be harvested once every year under the premise of strengthening the management of fertilizer and water, and can be harvested for at least 5 consecutive years. The production cost of the willow seedlings is still very large. In addition to the successful application of the low-cost and rapid-exploitation technology of small bamboo shoots, the large-scale development of bamboo and biomass energy forests is feasible and the economic benefits are very high.
At present, biomass power generation raw materials - straw and straw and other agricultural and forestry residues, the market price is 300-350 yuan / ton, wood edge material, twig tree 茬 wet weight per ton 400 yuan -500 yuan, farmers plant bamboo willow charcoal forest per acre per year It can earn 0.56 million to 0.7 million, and cultivates bamboo charcoal forest with high density. It is committed to biomass energy power generation, with high economic benefits and broad market prospects. It is one of the important ways to solve the energy in today's world, and it is also important for farmers to get rich. way.
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