2. The kink wrap method started very early and the candy was packaged this way until now some of the lump sugar is still in use. This method is simple, whether it is manual operation or machine operation, and it is easy to disassemble. The biggest consumer of candy is children, even 2 to 3 year-old children can easily peel off the candy paper; on the other hand, as long as it is a small piece of candy, no matter what the shape (spherical, cylindrical, square, ellipsoid, etc.) Etc.) can be wrapped.
The kink wrapper wraps the product into a cylindrical shape with a certain length of packaging material, and the lap joint does not need to be bonded or heat-sealed. Then, the open end portion is twisted in a predetermined direction to form a kink. The package material is required to have a certain degree of tear strength and plasticity in order to prevent twisting and release.
Kink forms are unilateral kink and double kink. Both ends are generally kinked. In manual operation, the direction of the kink is opposite at both ends. When the machine is operated, the direction is generally the same. Less used for single-end kink, used for high-level candy, lollipops, fruits, and alcohol. The sequence of operation for double-ended kinking is shown in Figures 10-19, Figures 1–4; Single-ended kinked Figures 10–20.
In addition, for some irregular or amorphous products and fragile products, the use of cardboard, plastic support plate instead of platters when wrapping; or replace the box and box with a shallow box; for shape rules, multiple pieces Products that are not easily disassembled after stacking use the simplest and most suitable jacket type wrapping method.
Second, the choice of flexible packaging materials Flexible packaging materials include a variety of flexible bags, packaging linings, wrapping materials and shock-proof materials (part). Packaging from production, sales, to use, through storage and transportation, shelf display, and storage in the user's hands, will encounter severe cold or heat; all kinds of vibration, shock and extrusion and dry, humid climate; there are microbes and insects damage. To ensure the quality of goods, mainly rely on packaging materials, its importance is obvious. Soft packaging materials are one of the largest and most commonly used category.
1. The characteristics of commonly used soft packaging materials and selection of kraft paper. The kraft paper is tough, strong and has high burst resistance and good water resistance. Opaque, not heat sealed, only glued or stitched with thread. It is suitable for wrapping multi-packs of books and small boxes; it is also commonly used for prefabricated pouches and multilayered sacks.
stencil. Wax paper is made of white paper soaked with wax. It has good moisture resistance and gas barrier properties and can be heat-sealed. After dipping in wax, the paper is transparent and has a certain decorative effect. It is suitable for packaging of candy, bread, and ice cream.
cellophane. Cellophane is a transparent cellulose film made of a viscose solution, excellent transparency, gloss, printability is also very good, can print complex color patterns. In addition, it has good gas barrier properties when dry, and barrier properties against oil-containing products. The cellophane has almost no static electricity, and the packaged powder material will not be contaminated. The packaging is displayed on the shelves and is not easily covered with dust. This is not possible with other film materials.
plastic film. Soft plastic film commonly used are: polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene and polypropylene film, they have their own characteristics. PVC film has good transparency and gloss, moisture resistance, gas barrier property and heat sealability, and is resistant to grease because some of the additives added during processing will emit odors and some are toxic. Generally used for packaging non-food items. Packed foods must pay attention to choose non-toxic or low toxicity odorless varieties. Polyethylene film is soft and tough, and has good impact resistance, but it is not easy to tear. It is difficult to open when used, and it has different transparency. It is the cheapest kind of transparent film. The moisture resistance of polyethylene film is excellent. The air permeability is good, so that the carbon dioxide inside the package can be easily discharged and the oxygen in the air can be easily entered. Therefore, it is useful for packaging fresh vegetables and fruits and can prolong the effective shelf life, and also can be used to package soft goods such as textiles, clothing and More suitable for baking foods. Polypropylene films have a glossy, soft feel, and are transparent, chemically stable, moisture-proof, and gas-barrier, but have poor heat-sealing properties and are expensive, and therefore have limited uses. They are generally used in composite materials.
Metal foil. The metal foil used for packaging is mainly aluminum foil. The aluminum foil has a smooth and glossy mirror-like surface. Its moisture resistance and gas barrier properties are excellent. The thickness of the aluminum foil used for packaging is generally 18-40 μm. The aluminum foil is expensive, and it is mainly used for packaging. Barrier and decorative, its strength is easy to fold, so more than paper, plastic and other composite materials, such as wrapping cigarettes, chocolate candy, soft packaging beverages and retort pouches.
Composite material. The composite material has the largest number of composite films and has a wide range of uses. The composite film has the performance that cannot be achieved by any single film, but the manufacturing process is complicated and the price is naturally expensive. The commonly used materials are paper, plastic, and aluminum foil, which are composed of different forms and different levels. Such as paper / aluminum foil composite, can improve moisture resistance; polyester / aluminum foil / polyethylene compound, can be heated at 100 ~ 120 °C, 45min heating sterilization, as a packaged food cooking bag, in addition to composite film, other composite There are also developments in materials, such as paper/fiber-cotton fabrics for packaging cements.
2. The principle of selection of flexible packaging materials The selection of packaging materials should be combined with practical applications. The following points are specifically proposed:
(1) For stable and solid commodities, the role of packaging is mainly to facilitate the use of materials that are sufficiently strong and inexpensive; if the appearance of the product itself is attractive and propaganda, transparent materials should be used; Goods that are sensitive to light should use opaque or colored materials.
(2) Dry goods, especially a lot of dry foods such as cookies, breakfast, fried potato chips and soup powder, will not be damaged by microorganisms as long as they are kept dry. However, once they have absorbed too much water from the air, they are susceptible to deterioration. Therefore, it must be packaged with good moisture-proof material.
(3) Some commodities with high moisture content, under the average humidity of the air, will evaporate part of the water, which will affect the appearance and quality of the product. This requires calculations based on relevant data and expected shelf life to determine the material with the proper moisture permeability. The problem is complicated. If water vapor cannot be completely blocked, microorganisms will breed at the normal temperature for 2 to 3 days and damage the appearance of the product. If it is food, it will deteriorate or even be inedible. Therefore, while choosing the right packaging materials, other measures such as bacteriostatic or sterilization are still needed.
(4) Steel parts, tools, etc. are sensitive to oxygen, and are easily rusted when the relative humidity exceeds 65%. In addition to selecting a material with a certain gas barrier, a small amount of desiccant or rust inhibitor can be placed in the package.
(5) Foods containing oils or fats, such as butter and fried fast foods, tend to be oxidized and become odoriferous. In particular, the oxidation process is accelerated under light irradiation. Opaque or aluminum foil composites should be used. If it is stored for a short time, it can be packaged with a general oil-repellent material.
(6) Fresh vegetables and fruits, etc., continue to "breathe" after packaging, consume oxygen to exhale carbon dioxide, and promote the growth of certain bacteria. Can use fruit, vegetable fresh film, because it has a moderate permeability, fresh effect is very good, if the use of poor gas permeability material packaging, can be opened on the packaging 3 to 4 diameter 5mm hole, or only seal Part.
(7) Soft materials can also be well-packaged liquid materials such as milk, beverages, etc. Liquid material flexible packaging must ensure that the seal does not leak; but also to increase the rigidity for display, available paper, plastic film, metal foil and other composite materials.
The principle of selection of the above several materials also applies to the selection of rigid and semi-rigid materials and containers.
Third, the choice of wrapping machine Wrapper types are many: There are general and dedicated; there are low, medium, high and ultra-high speed, semi-automatic and fully automatic; they can be used alone or in the production line. The main points of use of the wrapping machine are as follows:
(1) Mechanical properties. First, the wrapping machine is divided into semi-automatic and fully automatic two types. Semi-automatic wrapping machines are mostly universal. The time required to change the product size and wrapping form is short. The number of operators required is slightly more. The movement of the machine is mostly intermittent. The production speed is low and medium speed, and the productivity is generally 300 to 600. Pieces/min. Automatic wrapping machines are mostly dedicated, such as candy, cigarettes, soap and so on. It is generally a single product and requires few operators. The machine's motion is intermittent and continuous, and the production speed is medium, high or ultra-high speed. The medium speed of production is generally 100 to 300 pieces/min; the high speed is 600 to 1000 pieces/min; the ultra-high speed is up to 1200 to 1500 pieces/min, and the productivity is based on the product size, shape, and wrap pattern, and single piece or There are major differences between multiple packages and so on.
(2) The price and availability of materials. Wraps are made of thin, flexible materials. Machines require relatively strict mechanical and physical properties. In particular, high-speed and ultra-high-speed machines have poor adaptability to materials, and often cannot guarantee packaging quality due to unsatisfactory materials, or machines. It cannot operate normally. Therefore, the purchase of the wrapping machine must take into account the price and availability of the material.
(3) Maintenance and operation of workers' technical quality. The higher the degree of automation of the machine, the more complete the function, such as quality monitoring, reject rejection, output display records and fault alarms. In order to realize these functions, the detection and control system is complicated. Now many machines use microcomputers. Therefore, the machines must have high reliability. Therefore, the technical level of operators and maintenance personnel must keep up.
The kink wrapper wraps the product into a cylindrical shape with a certain length of packaging material, and the lap joint does not need to be bonded or heat-sealed. Then, the open end portion is twisted in a predetermined direction to form a kink. The package material is required to have a certain degree of tear strength and plasticity in order to prevent twisting and release.
Kink forms are unilateral kink and double kink. Both ends are generally kinked. In manual operation, the direction of the kink is opposite at both ends. When the machine is operated, the direction is generally the same. Less used for single-end kink, used for high-level candy, lollipops, fruits, and alcohol. The sequence of operation for double-ended kinking is shown in Figures 10-19, Figures 1–4; Single-ended kinked Figures 10–20.
In addition, for some irregular or amorphous products and fragile products, the use of cardboard, plastic support plate instead of platters when wrapping; or replace the box and box with a shallow box; for shape rules, multiple pieces Products that are not easily disassembled after stacking use the simplest and most suitable jacket type wrapping method.
Second, the choice of flexible packaging materials Flexible packaging materials include a variety of flexible bags, packaging linings, wrapping materials and shock-proof materials (part). Packaging from production, sales, to use, through storage and transportation, shelf display, and storage in the user's hands, will encounter severe cold or heat; all kinds of vibration, shock and extrusion and dry, humid climate; there are microbes and insects damage. To ensure the quality of goods, mainly rely on packaging materials, its importance is obvious. Soft packaging materials are one of the largest and most commonly used category.
1. The characteristics of commonly used soft packaging materials and selection of kraft paper. The kraft paper is tough, strong and has high burst resistance and good water resistance. Opaque, not heat sealed, only glued or stitched with thread. It is suitable for wrapping multi-packs of books and small boxes; it is also commonly used for prefabricated pouches and multilayered sacks.
stencil. Wax paper is made of white paper soaked with wax. It has good moisture resistance and gas barrier properties and can be heat-sealed. After dipping in wax, the paper is transparent and has a certain decorative effect. It is suitable for packaging of candy, bread, and ice cream.
cellophane. Cellophane is a transparent cellulose film made of a viscose solution, excellent transparency, gloss, printability is also very good, can print complex color patterns. In addition, it has good gas barrier properties when dry, and barrier properties against oil-containing products. The cellophane has almost no static electricity, and the packaged powder material will not be contaminated. The packaging is displayed on the shelves and is not easily covered with dust. This is not possible with other film materials.
plastic film. Soft plastic film commonly used are: polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene and polypropylene film, they have their own characteristics. PVC film has good transparency and gloss, moisture resistance, gas barrier property and heat sealability, and is resistant to grease because some of the additives added during processing will emit odors and some are toxic. Generally used for packaging non-food items. Packed foods must pay attention to choose non-toxic or low toxicity odorless varieties. Polyethylene film is soft and tough, and has good impact resistance, but it is not easy to tear. It is difficult to open when used, and it has different transparency. It is the cheapest kind of transparent film. The moisture resistance of polyethylene film is excellent. The air permeability is good, so that the carbon dioxide inside the package can be easily discharged and the oxygen in the air can be easily entered. Therefore, it is useful for packaging fresh vegetables and fruits and can prolong the effective shelf life, and also can be used to package soft goods such as textiles, clothing and More suitable for baking foods. Polypropylene films have a glossy, soft feel, and are transparent, chemically stable, moisture-proof, and gas-barrier, but have poor heat-sealing properties and are expensive, and therefore have limited uses. They are generally used in composite materials.
Metal foil. The metal foil used for packaging is mainly aluminum foil. The aluminum foil has a smooth and glossy mirror-like surface. Its moisture resistance and gas barrier properties are excellent. The thickness of the aluminum foil used for packaging is generally 18-40 μm. The aluminum foil is expensive, and it is mainly used for packaging. Barrier and decorative, its strength is easy to fold, so more than paper, plastic and other composite materials, such as wrapping cigarettes, chocolate candy, soft packaging beverages and retort pouches.
Composite material. The composite material has the largest number of composite films and has a wide range of uses. The composite film has the performance that cannot be achieved by any single film, but the manufacturing process is complicated and the price is naturally expensive. The commonly used materials are paper, plastic, and aluminum foil, which are composed of different forms and different levels. Such as paper / aluminum foil composite, can improve moisture resistance; polyester / aluminum foil / polyethylene compound, can be heated at 100 ~ 120 °C, 45min heating sterilization, as a packaged food cooking bag, in addition to composite film, other composite There are also developments in materials, such as paper/fiber-cotton fabrics for packaging cements.
2. The principle of selection of flexible packaging materials The selection of packaging materials should be combined with practical applications. The following points are specifically proposed:
(1) For stable and solid commodities, the role of packaging is mainly to facilitate the use of materials that are sufficiently strong and inexpensive; if the appearance of the product itself is attractive and propaganda, transparent materials should be used; Goods that are sensitive to light should use opaque or colored materials.
(2) Dry goods, especially a lot of dry foods such as cookies, breakfast, fried potato chips and soup powder, will not be damaged by microorganisms as long as they are kept dry. However, once they have absorbed too much water from the air, they are susceptible to deterioration. Therefore, it must be packaged with good moisture-proof material.
(3) Some commodities with high moisture content, under the average humidity of the air, will evaporate part of the water, which will affect the appearance and quality of the product. This requires calculations based on relevant data and expected shelf life to determine the material with the proper moisture permeability. The problem is complicated. If water vapor cannot be completely blocked, microorganisms will breed at the normal temperature for 2 to 3 days and damage the appearance of the product. If it is food, it will deteriorate or even be inedible. Therefore, while choosing the right packaging materials, other measures such as bacteriostatic or sterilization are still needed.
(4) Steel parts, tools, etc. are sensitive to oxygen, and are easily rusted when the relative humidity exceeds 65%. In addition to selecting a material with a certain gas barrier, a small amount of desiccant or rust inhibitor can be placed in the package.
(5) Foods containing oils or fats, such as butter and fried fast foods, tend to be oxidized and become odoriferous. In particular, the oxidation process is accelerated under light irradiation. Opaque or aluminum foil composites should be used. If it is stored for a short time, it can be packaged with a general oil-repellent material.
(6) Fresh vegetables and fruits, etc., continue to "breathe" after packaging, consume oxygen to exhale carbon dioxide, and promote the growth of certain bacteria. Can use fruit, vegetable fresh film, because it has a moderate permeability, fresh effect is very good, if the use of poor gas permeability material packaging, can be opened on the packaging 3 to 4 diameter 5mm hole, or only seal Part.
(7) Soft materials can also be well-packaged liquid materials such as milk, beverages, etc. Liquid material flexible packaging must ensure that the seal does not leak; but also to increase the rigidity for display, available paper, plastic film, metal foil and other composite materials.
The principle of selection of the above several materials also applies to the selection of rigid and semi-rigid materials and containers.
Third, the choice of wrapping machine Wrapper types are many: There are general and dedicated; there are low, medium, high and ultra-high speed, semi-automatic and fully automatic; they can be used alone or in the production line. The main points of use of the wrapping machine are as follows:
(1) Mechanical properties. First, the wrapping machine is divided into semi-automatic and fully automatic two types. Semi-automatic wrapping machines are mostly universal. The time required to change the product size and wrapping form is short. The number of operators required is slightly more. The movement of the machine is mostly intermittent. The production speed is low and medium speed, and the productivity is generally 300 to 600. Pieces/min. Automatic wrapping machines are mostly dedicated, such as candy, cigarettes, soap and so on. It is generally a single product and requires few operators. The machine's motion is intermittent and continuous, and the production speed is medium, high or ultra-high speed. The medium speed of production is generally 100 to 300 pieces/min; the high speed is 600 to 1000 pieces/min; the ultra-high speed is up to 1200 to 1500 pieces/min, and the productivity is based on the product size, shape, and wrap pattern, and single piece or There are major differences between multiple packages and so on.
(2) The price and availability of materials. Wraps are made of thin, flexible materials. Machines require relatively strict mechanical and physical properties. In particular, high-speed and ultra-high-speed machines have poor adaptability to materials, and often cannot guarantee packaging quality due to unsatisfactory materials, or machines. It cannot operate normally. Therefore, the purchase of the wrapping machine must take into account the price and availability of the material.
(3) Maintenance and operation of workers' technical quality. The higher the degree of automation of the machine, the more complete the function, such as quality monitoring, reject rejection, output display records and fault alarms. In order to realize these functions, the detection and control system is complicated. Now many machines use microcomputers. Therefore, the machines must have high reliability. Therefore, the technical level of operators and maintenance personnel must keep up.