The tensile testing machine is not just a tensile test. It is a model with a universal machine. It can be used for other tests by replacing different auxiliary devices. However, how is the test data of the tensile testing machine measured? Explain in detail for you.
1. Measurement of force value
After the load cell, amplifier and data processing system complete the measurement, the most commonly used load cell is the strain gauge sensor.
The so-called strain gauge sensor is composed of strain gauges, elastic elements and certain accessories (compensation elements, protective covers, wiring sockets, loading parts), which can turn certain mechanical properties into electrical output devices. Strain gauge-type tension and pressure sensors have a variety of domestic and foreign varieties, mainly including cylindrical force sensors, spoke-type force sensors, S double-connected hole sensors, cross beam sensors and other types.
It is known from the mechanics of materials that under the premise of small deformation, the strain ε at a certain point of an elastic element is proportional to the force received by the elastic element and also proportional to the elastic deformation. Taking the S-type sensor as an example, when the sensor is subjected to the effect of a tensile force P, because the elastic element has a strain gauge attached to it, since the strain of the elastic element is proportional to the size of the external force P, the strain gauge is connected to the measurement circuit, that is The output voltage can be measured, and then the size of the force can be measured.
In short, the external force P causes the deformation of the strain gauge in the sensor, attracts the unbalance of the bridge, and then causes the change of the output voltage of the sensor. We can know the size of the force by measuring the change of the output voltage.
Generally speaking, the length of the output signal of the sensor is very weak, as long as a few mV in the world, if the signal is directly measured, the length is very hard, and it can not meet the requirements of high-precision measurement. Therefore, the weak signal must be expanded through an amplifier. The expanded signal voltage can reach 10V. The signal at this time is an imitation signal. This imitation signal is converted by a multiplexer and A / D. The chip is changed to a digital signal, and then the data is processed. At this point, the measurement of the tensile test mechanism comes to an end.
2. Measurement of deformation
It is measured through the installation of deformation measurement. It is used to measure the deformation of the sample during the experiment.
There are two chucks on the installation, which are connected with the photoelectric encoder installed on the top of the measurement installation through a series of biographical ideas. When the interval between the two chucks changes, the shaft of the photoelectric encoder is twisted and the photoelectric encoding The device will have a pulse signal output. Then the signal is processed by the processor, and the deformation of the sample can be obtained.
3. Measurement of beam displacement
The reason is roughly the same as the deformation measurement, and the displacement of the beam is obtained by measuring the output pulse number of the photoelectric encoder.
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