What is the definition and characteristics of wood?

Definition of wood: Wood is composed of various cells and arranged (the coniferous material is the tracheid and the hardwood is the wood fiber). Wood features:

  1. Advantages: easy processing, strong weight-to-weight ratio, good insulation, rich elasticity, beautiful color texture, anti-vibration, low thermal conductivity, easy bonding, light texture, good impact resistance. Disadvantages: swell, dry shrinkage, perishable It is flammable, its width is limited by diameter, its shape is large, it is irregular, its structure is uneven, its moisture content is large, it is unstable, its storage is bad, it is easy to be deformed and cracked, and it is easy to be invaded by fungi. Defects of wood itself: According to national timber standards, it is divided into ten categories: knots, discoloration, decay, insects, cracks, trunk shape defects, wood structure defects, scars, and wood processing defects.   Among these defects, the defects affecting the quality grade of logs are nine kinds of knots, missing joints, sapwood decay, heartwood decay, insect eyes, longitudinal cracks and outer skins, bending, twisted lines and partial dryness, among which the most critical Defects are knots, missing knots, sapwood, decay, and heartwood decay.

.   2. Festival: It is the branch part of the trunk or main branch wood. The joint is closely connected with the surrounding wood. The texture is hard and the structure is normal. The dead knot is partially or completely separated from the surrounding wood. The texture is hard or soft, in the plate. If the dead knot falls off, it will form a hollow.

   3 , the missing section: the knot itself has been decaying, and deep inside the trunk, causing the interior of the wood to decay, so the missing section is the internal decay of the external features belong to the decay category. The trees or the original strips are distributed according to the knots. They can be divided into no-segment areas, dead knot areas, live joint areas, and root sections. The logs are mainly un-segmented. The material is excellent, and there are only a few small dead knots in the core. The middle section of the log is mainly the dead zone, the material is medium, and the tip section is mainly the living section. The worst material and no section are high quality parts, which are the main objects of the material.

   4 , decay: due to wood rot fungus invading the wood, causing its cell wall to break, the special mechanical properties of the gradual weakening, and finally become soft and brittle, in the form of mesh or powder.

   5 , discoloration: Any change in the normal color of wood is called discoloration. The discoloration is divided into chemical discoloration and fungal discoloration. Chemical discoloration has no effect on physical and mechanical properties, and fungal discoloration sometimes reduces impact bending strength.

   6. Insect pests: Wood defects caused by various insects are called insect pests. Insect pests are divided into insect ditch, small insect eye, large insect eye, surface insect eye and insect ditch, which can be sawed together with the skin. The insect eye has little influence, but deep from 10MM and above, the large insect eye with a diameter of more than 3MM destroys the integrity of the wood. It reduces mechanical strength and is a channel for other fungi to invade wood, so it is one of the defects affecting the quality level of wood.

  7. Crack: A crack formed by the separation between wood fibers and fibers.

  Defects in trunk shape: Trees are affected by the environment during the growth process, causing the trunk to form an abnormal shape, such as bending. Bending Log seriously affect the volume ratio, long diameter 30CM 4M wood material, which curvature at 1%, the production volume ratio reduced by 5%, to reduce the bending member 14 at 2%. 7 %. The yield of logs is the percentage of the amount of sawn timber produced and the amount of raw wood used.

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