Bariatric surgery can not only reduce weight, but also have a positive effect on diabetes and heart disease. Researchers from the Sahlgrenska College of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden and the University of Cincinnati in the United States have confirmed that this health benefit is not due to a reduced stomach, but due to increased blood bile acid levels.
Previous research by the Sahlgrenska Academy confirmed that bariatric surgery is the only effective treatment for obesity and obesity-related diabetes. However, researchers are unclear about the mechanisms that cause these positive effects.
Positive effects caused by bile acids
Professor Fredrik B? Ckhed collaborated with Randy Seeley from the University of Cincinnati and colleagues, and confirmed that the positive effect of bariatric surgery may be due to surgery-induced increase in bile acid. This study focused on FXR, a specific receptor associated with bile acid signaling.
"Our research shows that the FXR signaling pathway is essential for obtaining the health effects of these surgeries. This is a major breakthrough in understanding the impact of bariatric surgery on metabolism and developing new treatment strategies," said Fredrik Böckhed.
Important supplements for the future
The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, and it is obviously unrealistic to perform surgery on all obese people. In addition, bariatric surgery has a risk of complications. Therefore, the treatment strategy based on FXR receptor may become an important treatment method in the future.
Improve glucose metabolism
In this study, the researchers subjected mice with or without the FXR gene to sleeve gastrectomy (Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy, VSG), which removed nearly 80% of the stomach. The surgical procedures are exactly the same as those performed in the human body.
The researchers found that surgery promoted weight loss and improved glucose metabolism in mice carrying FXR, but not in mice lacking FXR.
Change intestinal flora
This study also showed that VSG led to changes in the intestinal flora. Because in previous studies Fredrik B? Ckhed's team had confirmed that the intestinal flora of obesity and diabetes had changed, this is a potentially important research finding.
These findings suggest that changing the gut microbiota and FXR signaling pathway may promote improved metabolism. This means that future research based on intestinal flora will likely help treat diabetes.
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