Irrigation work is one of the most important operations in natural grass management. The amount of irrigation water, the mastering of irrigation time (morning, noon, and evening) and the frequency of irrigation frequency are all related to turfgrass species, soil types, and weather changes. The primary task of lawn management is to grasp the above-mentioned conditions accurately, analyze the specific conditions at that time, and do a good job of irrigation. The lawn of the football field is different from the park's ornamental lawn. It is responsible for the football player's technical actions such as running, jumping, kicking, and shoveling on the lawn, and affects the destruction of the lawn (knotting and flipping). Therefore, in principle, the amount of water should be used for irrigation once; the interval between irrigation should be as long as possible, and it is more important to master the irrigation during the competition, especially during the peak period than the cold. In current school football fields and practiced football fields, the use frequency of athletes has increased, and the site is mostly sandy soil. The sprinkler irrigation is mostly mechanical automatic sprinkler irrigation. When the water gates open, they often cause excessive sprinkler irrigation and the frequency increases, resulting in unmanned management. (Unscientific) causes premature death, stunting, disease, and frequent occurrence of insect pests.
The water in the soil cannot be completely absorbed by the plants. One of them is when the water is dry to a certain degree, the plants cannot use it and begin to wilt, and the water content of the soil is called the wilt coefficient. There is also a water-saturated soil that does not evaporate and excludes all gravity water. At this time, the soil moisture content is called the field water holding capacity, which is an important indicator of turfgrass growth. The effective water content is the amount of soil moisture that the root system can absorb and use, and is expressed as the water content (mm) per unit soil depth (cm). The water tension (PF) range of effective water content is from pF 2.5 to 2.7 (field capacity) to pF 3.9 to 4.2 (wilting coefficient). The effective content of various types of soil in this range is also very different. See the table below.
Effective water content in different soils
Soil type | Effective water in 1cm deep soil (mm) | Soil type | Effective water in 1cm deep soil (mm) |
sand | 0.33~0.83 | Light sandy loam | 1.67~1.75 |
Sandy loam | 0.75~1.08 | Heavy loam | 1.50~1.75 |
Loam | 1.08~1.67 | Clay | 1.50~1.58 |
For example, what is the effective amount of water that can be contained in a soil of 20cm depth in a sandy football field?
The effective water content of sand is 0.33~0.83mm/cm, then 20cm thickness=0.33x20=6.6 and 0.83x20=16.6. It can be known that the longer the root system of the plant, the more effective water the plant can use. The shorter, the less available water, the higher the frequency of irrigation and the length of the root system. Many reasons, such as grass species, temperature, turfgrass knotting, length of pruning, etc., need to be carefully studied and tested before they can be cultivated. success.
Irrigation of natural lawns is closely related to evaporation and evapotranspiration. Scientific testing methods are needed to obtain reliable data. In general, the evaporation of cold-type lawns is about 0.65~0.8mm/d, and that of warm-field lawns is 0.55~0.65mm/d. The evaporation of different lawns is about the same, and the evaporation of lawns in temperate regions is generally 2.5~7.5mm/d. From this, the lawn irrigation interval time is obtained. For example, the soil water volume is 15mm, and the daily evaporation rate is 5mm on average. After each irrigation, it takes 3 days to evaporate, so that the lawn can be initially mastered for 3 days irrigation. once.
However, the frequency of natural lawn irrigation is not only affected by the evaporation of the lawn, but also related to the transpiration of the plant, weather temperature, and the loss rate of the irrigation method. At present, the soccer field is mostly a single sandy soil, and the sandy soil has less water content. Therefore, when constructing and constructing, it is better to be able to treat the grass bed of the football field with fertilizer, and appropriately add organic matter, minerals, and modifiers, etc. It is a very effective method to make a mixed soil, which can extend the irrigation interval by 2 to 3 times more than a single sandy soil.
There are many ways to determine the interval between irrigations. The calculation method belongs to the theoretical method and the instrumentation method. The moisture analyzer is buried in the soil and the data can be obtained directly to determine the irrigation time. Surface temperature method can also be used. The method of measuring temperature is used to judge the irrigation time, but if the temperature exceeds a certain value, it is also necessary to cool the irrigation water.
The amount of natural turf irrigation determines the key to the growth of grass seedlings, but there is no absolute scientific method to obtain different types of grass species, how much fertilizer is applied, and comprehensive data such as grass bed soil quality and weather conditions require irrigation, and only scientific methods can be used. The combination of practical experience, the current sandy soil as the most common turf on the football field, the relevant information available, sandy soil, the available water for storage at 15cm depth is 25.4mm, the water demand on the site by calculating 100m2 is about 3t, and the general football field (Standard field) is not less than 7000m2, water is 7000x0.03=210t, and experience indicates that when this value is exceeded, it is not good for plants. The effective amount of water in different soils can be seen in the table below.
Various types of soil effective water
name | Fine sand | Micro sandy soil | Cohesive soil |
Field holdings (%) | 0.5 | 30.2 | 30.5 |
Wilting coefficient (PF) | 3.5 | 7.7 | 17.5 |
Effective water (mm) | 3.0 | 22.5 | 13.0 |
In addition to the above irrigation volume, the amount of water required for different grass species must be mastered. Coldland grasses have weaker resistance to hot seasons and droughts than warmland grasses. Coldland grasses have low water absorption capacity at high temperatures and are very prone to dormancy. At this time, it is best to use spray watering to reduce the temperature of plants. The northern region is most effective. Different types of water for warm-grass grasslands are arranged in groups of zoysiagrass, carpetgrass, Bermudagrass, false grass, and so on. For the cold-type grass species, the order of the highest to the lowest was the highest fescue species, followed by the grass, the ryegrass, the thin and weak grass, the bentgrass, the bentgrass, and the bentgrass. .
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