Chapter 2 Exercises
Gas chromatography is a widely used analytical technique for separating and analyzing volatile compounds in a mixture. The basic principle relies on the differential partitioning of components between two phases: a stationary phase and a mobile phase. In gas chromatography, the mobile phase is typically an inert gas, such as helium or nitrogen, which carries the sample through the column.
The separation occurs based on the varying affinities of the individual components for the stationary phase. As the sample moves through the column, each component interacts differently with the stationary phase—some are more soluble or adsorbed onto it, while others remain in the mobile phase longer. This difference in interaction leads to different retention times for each compound, allowing them to be separated.
In gas-liquid chromatography, the stationary phase is usually a liquid coated on a solid support inside the column, and the components undergo continuous dissolution and vaporization between the two phases. In gas-solid chromatography, the separation is based on adsorption and desorption processes on the surface of the solid stationary phase.
Once the components exit the column, they are detected by a detector, which generates a signal proportional to their concentration. This signal is then recorded as a chromatogram, providing information about the identity and quantity of the compounds in the original mixture. Gas chromatography is known for its high resolution, sensitivity, and speed, making it a valuable tool in fields such as environmental analysis, pharmaceuticals, and forensic science.
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