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The invention of the printing technique marked a major leap forward in the spread of human culture. Ink, a specialized colorant used for printing, gradually evolved into an independent industry. Initially, ink was only black, but over time, it developed into a wide range of multi-colored systems composed of various pigments, binders, thinners, and additives. In modern times, with continuous innovations in printing equipment, as well as the introduction of new inks with diverse properties, the packaging and printing industry has entered a fast development phase. As a key part of packaging, labels have become an essential element in daily life, appearing in various forms and expanding their applications globally, drawing significant attention from both domestic and international markets.
Current label printing methods include embossing, flexographic, offset, gravure, and screen printing. For high-end label printing that aims to be unique and hard to replicate, leading companies have integrated multiple techniques like embossing, screen printing, and flexography into a single production line, enabling the combination of different craftsmanship on one label. However, in my view, despite the variety of printing methods, there are established standards and limited variations. The inks used in label printing are diverse and differ significantly, making them crucial to the distinct identity of each label.
Labels are no longer just simple indicators of products; they now convey more meaning and aesthetic value. They have evolved from basic visual impact to intelligent product information display, offering a vibrant experience. The role of ink in this transformation is indispensable. Anti-counterfeiting inks help secure label authenticity, while magnetic inks allow hidden product data to be stored. Recently, smart labels such as RFID tags and temperature-sensitive labels have emerged, further enhancing functionality and security.
(1) Temperature-Change Ink
Temperature-change labels are created using thermochromic ink, also known as heat-sensitive or temperature-indicating ink. These inks change color under specific environmental conditions, allowing visible or invisible markings that can be used to verify product authenticity and prevent counterfeiting.
Normally, temperature-changing ink is similar to regular ink in terms of binders, additives, and fillers, but it uses temperature-sensitive pigments. There are five main types of temperature-sensitive inks: reversible color-changing, color-developing, color-removing, memory, and interval color-developing inks. Each type functions differently, as outlined below.
1. Reversible Color Ink
Reversible color ink changes color when heated and returns to its original color when cooled. Common color transitions include yellow-red, green-yellow, red-green, red-black, black-green, blue-green, and blue-red, with a sensitivity around 60°C. The effect is influenced by the particle size of the ink, so screen or gravure printing is recommended.
2. Reversible Color-Developing Ink
This ink is initially colorless but develops color when heated and fades when cooled. It is suitable for screen or gravure printing, with a sensitivity of about 60°C. Colors produced include rose red, peacock green, emerald green, blue, and brown black.
3. Reversible Achromatic Ink
When heated, this ink loses its color and regains it when cooled. It can be printed using four methods—screen, gravure, offset, and UV flexo—but screen and gravure provide the best results. It is sensitive at temperatures ranging from 7–15°C, 25–32°C, 37–42°C, 45–50°C, and 60–65°C. Available colors include medium yellow, gold red, royal blue, sky blue, emerald green, rose red, pink, peacock green, dark green, and black.
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