As the oldest traditional media, newspapers have withstood the challenges of radio and television and over the past ten years. However, they have not become "dinosaurs" as some prophets claim, and this has its own success. Way. The combination of the specialty of newspapers and the Internet should be the development direction of electronic newspapers.
Traditional media's magic weapon
As the development of online media is in the ascendant, international media giant Murdoch pointed out that the development of the mass media industry is always full of uncertainties, and change is the only certain factor. The new mass media that appeared in history all brought a survival crisis to the conventional mass media at that time, but the so-called old media survived the competition and always occupied a certain share in the market. ①In the face of competition from new media, traditional media often “Faces†constantly as technology advances. Radio listening tools have evolved from the earliest ore radios to tube radios, freeing listeners from under the headphones and doing other things while listening to the radio, thus posing a challenge to the newspaper. With the rise of TVs, transistor radios have replaced tube radios. The size of radios is getting smaller and smaller, listening is more and more convenient, and the quality of listening is also continuously improving. "The environment" feeling. TVs range from black and white to color, from general definition to high definition, TV receivers from CRT receivers to rear projection, plasma, liquid crystal displays, transmission methods from ground to cable, to satellites, to the Internet, watching TV also from the living room Extending to the outdoors, there are mobile TVs and mobile TVs.
One of the reasons for the frequent "face-changing" of broadcast and television media is the high technical content of its receiving terminals. For newspapers, the receiving terminal is a pile of paper, which can be said to have no technical content. This is not necessarily a good thing for readers. Reading newspapers does not need to be operated, and literacy is enough (even if you ca n’t read, you can also get some information by reading pictures); the cost of reading newspapers is low, and the newspapers you subscribe will be delivered to the designated location on time It is also convenient to buy; paper newspapers are easy to carry, easy to read, and easy to dispose after reading. However, its shortcomings are also very obvious. Compared with radio and television media, the information release cycle is long, and compared with network media, the information capacity is limited. And there is no technical content of the paper terminal, except for the color change of black and white and the size of the opening, there is nothing changeable. Therefore, with the development of Internet communication, the "face-changing" of newspapers is the so-called "electronic newspaper".
The development of "electronic newspapers" can be traced back to the "vide otex" in the early 1980s. Teletext is an experimental information dissemination system that connects users to large information databases via telephone lines. The database includes telephone numbers, stock prices, and various news information. Users receive information through TV sets and set-top boxes, and charge on time. Teletext brought the "electronic newspaper" into the family. At that time, some people in the industry predicted that this would be the way to read newspapers in the 21st century. But that is not the case. The shortcomings of teletext are obvious: the image transmission quality is very poor, the speed is very slow, the cost is high, the user has no choice, and it is not convenient to receive, so it has not been recognized by the market. In 1986, teletext withdrew from the experiment.
The development of the Internet, especially after the Internet was opened to the whole society, the situation has changed a lot. Some commercial online service companies have launched various information services. They have purchased the contents of traditional media and sent them to their users through online services. Therefore, some people called the online information service "electronic newspaper". In the mid-1990s, with the development of Internet and browser technology, traditional media have established their own websites and posted their content on the Internet. This is the "online version" of traditional media. In order to give full play to the advantages of online communication, traditional media is not satisfied with merely posting its own content on the Internet, but developing towards a comprehensive portal website. At this time, we opened some websites of famous newspapers and found that they are not much different from the general portal websites. Is this "electronic newspaper"? Or is this the "electronic newspaper" readers need?
The basic form of newspaper media
Regardless of how "broadcasting" changes to radio and television, the basic physical form and propagation form of the media are unchanged. Broadcasting converts sound information into electromagnetic waves, and listeners listen to it through the radio; TVs convert pictures and sound into electromagnetic waves, and viewers watch and listen through the screen. The "online version" from the "change of face" of traditional newspapers has changed the basic form of traditional newspapers. As a printing medium, newspapers use paper as a carrier, and the superiority of transmitting information through pictures and texts is not available in other media and is also irreplaceable. The basic form of newspapers can be divided into physical form and communication form.
The most basic physical form of a newspaper is paper, which prints information on paper in the form of text and pictures through mechanical devices and ink, and transmits it to readers. At the same time, as a product of the industrial revolution, newspapers were always printed in mass production. For hundreds of years, the printing technology and printing process have been continuously improved. Today ’s newspapers have already bid farewell to “lead and fireâ€. The newspapers presented to readers are black and white, colorful, with clear graphics and fine print, but they are printed as paper The physical form of the media has not changed. It can be said that without paper, it is no longer a newspaper.
The superiority of the physical form of the newspaper is obvious. The newspaper can be folded and curled, so it is easy to carry; the paper is cheap and can be recycled, so it can be thrown away after reading; the newspaper can be used in the most comfortable posture, such as lying On the bed; can take care of other things, such as the dining table; can be in sports, such as in the car, etc.
The most basic form of communication in newspapers is plane. The graphic information transmitted by the newspaper is displayed on several planes. When the reader opens a plane, all the information is unobstructed, and the reader ’s first impression is the information conveyed by the editor of the newspaper through the layout language, which represents the media ’s attitude and viewpoint, and meets the reader ’s aesthetic needs to a certain extent. . The graphic information published in the newspaper is flat, but the information it conveys is "three-dimensional", and this "three-dimensional" is achieved through the depth of reporting and analysis, comments, and through the reader's imagination.
The current so-called "electronic newspaper" has completely lost the basic form of the newspaper, so it is impossible to give full play to the specialty of the newspaper.
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