The sustainable development of the ecological environment is the most pressing issue faced by human beings in the 21st century. Green packaging design is rooted in the increasingly serious environmental pollution in the process of modern industrial development. People began to explore new concepts proposed by new design patterns. Based on the strategic thinking of sustainable development, China has also taken corresponding legislative work and countermeasures, and has continuously enhanced public awareness of environmental protection, eliminating the direct and indirect environmental pollution caused by the design, production, and consumption of physical products. The total development of tungsten related design problems related industries face new challenges in the market competition for product innovation design. It prompts people to re-face a basic problem: what kind of packaging products the market needs, how to design these packaging products. It can thus be seen that the reality of the challenges associated with the environment and the relationship between pollution and consumption will enable designers and engineers to work towards the long-term goal of protecting energy and resources. At the same time, in the face of new design objects, the change packaging design must have new design strategies and methods to adapt to it. We must not only consider meeting the needs of functions, visual aesthetic effects and market purchasing power, but also must consider environmental factors. Therefore, the green packaging design will focus on the ecological balance between man and nature, reduce the destruction of the living environment as much as possible to frame the design strategy, and promote the development of economic culture and society with green packaging design.
First, on the green packaging design For a long time, people's understanding and practice of packaging design is based on market demand and product promotion, its design and creative positioning focused on the two areas of goods and sales to consider, people already think that packaging is often Built-in products are more important. Changing the design of a package means changing the product itself. Environmental issues are rarely involved throughout the design process. Since the 1990s, the environmental challenges have caused people to respond appropriately in the packaging design process. Many packaging companies and design companies have begun to implement environmental protection ideas from the design leader. Sonorco, one of the world’s largest packaging companies, has taken environmental protection measures for its products since 1990. It has proposed to society that we have created it. We will recycle its promise and start recycling it from users. Products prevent the spread of packaging pollution in society. At the same time, how to consider the impact in design has become a hot topic in design research in recent years. Green packaging design treats packaged products as an organic element of human survival. Packaging products are designed with materials that are non-polluting to the human body and the environment, and are recyclable or recyclable. Their requirements are the market demand, design, development and production of packaged products. The recycling cycle of recycling after use, transportation, sales and use, and the interaction between packaging design products and people and the environment at each stage of the cycle. At the same time, it emphasizes that human beings follow the laws of ecology and social aesthetics, and use scientific tactics and means to make artificial articles conform to the natural and humanistic characteristics. What it brings to people is not a transient visual shock, but a lasting material and spiritual enjoyment. . Green packaging design mainly involves the following aspects.
1. The green packaging design will focus on the implementation of environmental protection strategies, establish new methods and tools to regulate the impact of packaging products on the environment at each stage of its cycle, 1) establish a package product design and environmental protection Design specifications; 2) Effective monitoring and follow-up analysis of the input and output of packaging products in the use of logistics; 3) Establishing an assessment model for environmental protection, and at the same time assessing the design and production practices that are detrimental to the environment.
2. To research and develop packaging materials and production processes that are beneficial to human health and environmental protection. At the design stage, sufficient market research and technical analysis are performed on the requirements for packaged products, such as the range and degree of human health damage in the process of production, use, and waste recycling, and the design and control measures to eliminate and control pollution sources. Packaging materials are designed logistics media, especially packaging materials used in the packaging of daily necessities, such as food and clothing. Part of the people in contact with them and the dust in use, the chemical residue of the attachments, and the diffusion of gases affect people's health. It is difficult to measure and prevent dangerous situations, but the designer's environmental awareness has prompted the materials it selected during the design phase to be non-toxic, non-polluting, recyclable, and biodegradable. The green packaging design aims to determine the stages of the packaging product cycle. Green packaging design is not only an art discipline, but more importantly, it is an engineering discipline. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the packaging engineering idea, and to develop a design from the overall perspective of the system cycle, once the packaging product design proposal is confirmed, the organic cycle of the entire product is determined. The impact on the environment has become established. Therefore, the relevant environmental protection measures at the production, transportation and recycling stages must be considered concurrently in the design leading stage. 1) At the design stage, the market survey and material information are fully grasped, and a green packaging design scheme is put forward, which mainly includes: conception, determination of design parameters, such as mass and measurement values ​​of packaged goods, reserve capacity or allowable deviation parameters; The materials are non-toxic, harmless, recyclable and recyclable. The selection of biodegradable, high-performance synthetic materials and native natural materials must take into account the relevant environmental factors; the design performance, including the shape and structure of the modeling style, graphics, text, and color To meet the aesthetic needs of green products, strict visual pollution. In the design stage, the entry of green packaging design is strengthened mainly from the selection of materials and the follow-up procedures of production. 2) During the production phase, it is necessary to fully consider how to improve the manufacturing process. The current research results show that the environmental load within each unit of measurement is directly proportional to the processing time, and the successful design strategy is how to shorten the processing time. 3) In the transportation stage, the design improvement of transport packaging should consider the attributes, characteristics, uses and transport modes of different commodities according to the hidden dangers of the products in the transportation process, reduce the energy consumption, and consider how to reduce the environmental impact of product packaging. load. 4) During the consumer phase, the main consideration is how users can save energy, reduce pollution, facilitate maintenance, and extend the useful life of related packaging products. 5) In the recycling phase, firstly, it is necessary to consider how the packaging products can be easily recycled in the design process, and through the design of the structure and materials, the disassembly and classification after use are preset. The second is to consider how easily the packaging material can be recycled, because it is difficult to extract the pure material from the mixture, and the mixing of some materials cannot be separated. Therefore, the green rational allocation of materials must be considered in the design.
Second, green packaging design principles, methods Green packaging design must follow the principles of 3R1D, that is, reduce the consumption of packaging materials, packaging containers for refill use, packaging materials recycling recycling and packaging materials are degradable, but how to basic The ideological implementation in the conventional product design and development process, so as to form a practical overall pattern of the green packaging design process, is the key to the universal acceptance and application of green packaging design. The following are the main methods to regulate the green packaging product design process:
1. Function, considering the function of green packaging design, is mainly to make the use of the product more reasonable, its basic idea is to analyze the function of the product in detail to determine what is the most basic functional characteristics, and further evaluate the realization of these functions. Whether it consumes less materials and energy, it imposes the least load on the environment. The design process is: 1) Quantitative definition of the functional value of the product, identifying the basic parameters that correspond to the functional value; 2) Listing the objectives and the theoretical and practical measurement parameters for the specific functions of the packaged product; 3) Evaluating each item The consumption of materials and energy in functional units is analyzed based on theoretical and practical measurement parameters to study whether these functions can be achieved with less material and energy consumption; 4) compare new packaging products with reference products and optimize new ones Product design and development strategy.
2. The structure analyzes the green packaging design from the morphological structure of the retired products, mainly to make the packaging structure more scientific, practical and beautiful. At this level, we first carefully determine the basic concept of product attributes, and under its framework to consider how to improve the impact of products on the environment, in the design process, we must not only analyze the product's functional structure, but also analyze the product's material structure. In terms of functional structure: 1) Identify the form, mass, category, attributes, and scope of transport of the packaged goods, analyze and determine the structure and function of the packaged product, or the functions of the accessories, and further clarify the purpose of use of the packaged products. 2) Analyze the overall structure and function of the packaging design, and scrutinize whether the relevant functions can be combined or the number of attachments can be reduced, and whether the materials are most reasonably used. 3) Whether it can also save material and reduce the volume and weight. In terms of material structure: (1) The properties of packaging materials are reasonably configured with the use of packaging; (2) The overall analysis of the product's material composition and detachability, the actual effect; (3) as much as possible to reduce the number of material types in the same packaging products, so that Sorting recovery.
3, cycle, from the packaging product's cycle to consider the green product design, to facilitate the entire product cycle cycle of resource consumption, environmental load for an overall description of the human body design methods are: 1) to establish a packaging product cycle cycle operating framework 2) List the total consumption of packaging materials, assess the energy consumption in the state of raw materials; 3) Determine the energy consumption of packaging products during transportation and use, and determine the recycling rate of recycled materials in packaging products; 4) Determine the packaging products The amount of final waste.
4. Evaluation: The constituent elements of packaging products and social ecological elements are the main evaluation index systems for green packaging design. The evaluation of the constituent elements of a product means: 1) Decomposing the packaging product into relatively independent parts and briefly describing their manufacturing processes; 2) Performing data analysis on the environmental problems and health damage conditions that may occur in each part of the production process. Assessment; 3) Take special manufacturing processes for parts that may be subject to pollution problems, or replace the harmful contamination components with rationalized product functions and structures. The evaluation of ecological factors mainly refers to: 1) Environmental property indicators, ie indicators related to the environment within the safety cycle of packaged products, including air pollution indicators, liquid pollution indicators, solid pollution indicators and noise pollution indicators. 2) The resource attribute index, namely the material resource index, design resource index, information resource index and human resource index used in the product cycle cycle. 3) The energy property index refers to the indicators such as the utilization rate of green packaging products and the energy consumption for recycling. îŸ
Third, the choice of materials in the green packaging design In the early stages of industrialization, seldom consider the impact of materials on the environment, but the choice of materials in the green packaging design is critical, it not only determines the degree of product damage to the environment, but also Determines the recyclability of products. It is a complex task to select the appropriate materials to meet the requirements of sustainable production when designing packaging products. It is also a comprehensive consideration of material properties, environmental factors and knowledge in the field. The process, therefore, designers in-depth, detailed and specific understanding and control of environmentally friendly packaging materials and applied to green packaging design practices, to minimize the pollution of the material, to maintain the ecological balance of the natural environment, the social environment, but also to promote The use of earth resources by the packaging industry is transformed from a consumptive type to a recycling type.
1. The characteristics of the material and the characteristics of the applied material often determine the effectiveness of the material energy in the production process and its use. Green packaging materials should use low-energy, low-cost, less-polluting materials, and the selected materials are easy to process, with no pollution or less pollution during processing. For example, self-destructive plastics in self-destructive materials designed and researched by China's scientific research institutes for environmental protection include the addition of special ultraviolet photosensitizers to polyolefins. These plastics can be rapidly decomposed after they are used. Therefore, the selection and application of green packaging materials mainly consider the following factors. 1) Use the same packaging material when designing similar packaging products to facilitate recycling. For example, WHIRLPOOL Germany reduced the amount of materials used for packaging from 20 to 4 to reduce the cost of waste disposal to 50%. 2) Full consideration should be given to the recycling of materials, which not only saves raw materials but also facilitates the recycling of resources. 3) The degradability of the material should be taken into account in the design. In 1997, the State Environmental Protection Agency announced the degradable plastic package.
First, on the green packaging design For a long time, people's understanding and practice of packaging design is based on market demand and product promotion, its design and creative positioning focused on the two areas of goods and sales to consider, people already think that packaging is often Built-in products are more important. Changing the design of a package means changing the product itself. Environmental issues are rarely involved throughout the design process. Since the 1990s, the environmental challenges have caused people to respond appropriately in the packaging design process. Many packaging companies and design companies have begun to implement environmental protection ideas from the design leader. Sonorco, one of the world’s largest packaging companies, has taken environmental protection measures for its products since 1990. It has proposed to society that we have created it. We will recycle its promise and start recycling it from users. Products prevent the spread of packaging pollution in society. At the same time, how to consider the impact in design has become a hot topic in design research in recent years. Green packaging design treats packaged products as an organic element of human survival. Packaging products are designed with materials that are non-polluting to the human body and the environment, and are recyclable or recyclable. Their requirements are the market demand, design, development and production of packaged products. The recycling cycle of recycling after use, transportation, sales and use, and the interaction between packaging design products and people and the environment at each stage of the cycle. At the same time, it emphasizes that human beings follow the laws of ecology and social aesthetics, and use scientific tactics and means to make artificial articles conform to the natural and humanistic characteristics. What it brings to people is not a transient visual shock, but a lasting material and spiritual enjoyment. . Green packaging design mainly involves the following aspects.
1. The green packaging design will focus on the implementation of environmental protection strategies, establish new methods and tools to regulate the impact of packaging products on the environment at each stage of its cycle, 1) establish a package product design and environmental protection Design specifications; 2) Effective monitoring and follow-up analysis of the input and output of packaging products in the use of logistics; 3) Establishing an assessment model for environmental protection, and at the same time assessing the design and production practices that are detrimental to the environment.
2. To research and develop packaging materials and production processes that are beneficial to human health and environmental protection. At the design stage, sufficient market research and technical analysis are performed on the requirements for packaged products, such as the range and degree of human health damage in the process of production, use, and waste recycling, and the design and control measures to eliminate and control pollution sources. Packaging materials are designed logistics media, especially packaging materials used in the packaging of daily necessities, such as food and clothing. Part of the people in contact with them and the dust in use, the chemical residue of the attachments, and the diffusion of gases affect people's health. It is difficult to measure and prevent dangerous situations, but the designer's environmental awareness has prompted the materials it selected during the design phase to be non-toxic, non-polluting, recyclable, and biodegradable. The green packaging design aims to determine the stages of the packaging product cycle. Green packaging design is not only an art discipline, but more importantly, it is an engineering discipline. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the packaging engineering idea, and to develop a design from the overall perspective of the system cycle, once the packaging product design proposal is confirmed, the organic cycle of the entire product is determined. The impact on the environment has become established. Therefore, the relevant environmental protection measures at the production, transportation and recycling stages must be considered concurrently in the design leading stage. 1) At the design stage, the market survey and material information are fully grasped, and a green packaging design scheme is put forward, which mainly includes: conception, determination of design parameters, such as mass and measurement values ​​of packaged goods, reserve capacity or allowable deviation parameters; The materials are non-toxic, harmless, recyclable and recyclable. The selection of biodegradable, high-performance synthetic materials and native natural materials must take into account the relevant environmental factors; the design performance, including the shape and structure of the modeling style, graphics, text, and color To meet the aesthetic needs of green products, strict visual pollution. In the design stage, the entry of green packaging design is strengthened mainly from the selection of materials and the follow-up procedures of production. 2) During the production phase, it is necessary to fully consider how to improve the manufacturing process. The current research results show that the environmental load within each unit of measurement is directly proportional to the processing time, and the successful design strategy is how to shorten the processing time. 3) In the transportation stage, the design improvement of transport packaging should consider the attributes, characteristics, uses and transport modes of different commodities according to the hidden dangers of the products in the transportation process, reduce the energy consumption, and consider how to reduce the environmental impact of product packaging. load. 4) During the consumer phase, the main consideration is how users can save energy, reduce pollution, facilitate maintenance, and extend the useful life of related packaging products. 5) In the recycling phase, firstly, it is necessary to consider how the packaging products can be easily recycled in the design process, and through the design of the structure and materials, the disassembly and classification after use are preset. The second is to consider how easily the packaging material can be recycled, because it is difficult to extract the pure material from the mixture, and the mixing of some materials cannot be separated. Therefore, the green rational allocation of materials must be considered in the design.
Second, green packaging design principles, methods Green packaging design must follow the principles of 3R1D, that is, reduce the consumption of packaging materials, packaging containers for refill use, packaging materials recycling recycling and packaging materials are degradable, but how to basic The ideological implementation in the conventional product design and development process, so as to form a practical overall pattern of the green packaging design process, is the key to the universal acceptance and application of green packaging design. The following are the main methods to regulate the green packaging product design process:
1. Function, considering the function of green packaging design, is mainly to make the use of the product more reasonable, its basic idea is to analyze the function of the product in detail to determine what is the most basic functional characteristics, and further evaluate the realization of these functions. Whether it consumes less materials and energy, it imposes the least load on the environment. The design process is: 1) Quantitative definition of the functional value of the product, identifying the basic parameters that correspond to the functional value; 2) Listing the objectives and the theoretical and practical measurement parameters for the specific functions of the packaged product; 3) Evaluating each item The consumption of materials and energy in functional units is analyzed based on theoretical and practical measurement parameters to study whether these functions can be achieved with less material and energy consumption; 4) compare new packaging products with reference products and optimize new ones Product design and development strategy.
2. The structure analyzes the green packaging design from the morphological structure of the retired products, mainly to make the packaging structure more scientific, practical and beautiful. At this level, we first carefully determine the basic concept of product attributes, and under its framework to consider how to improve the impact of products on the environment, in the design process, we must not only analyze the product's functional structure, but also analyze the product's material structure. In terms of functional structure: 1) Identify the form, mass, category, attributes, and scope of transport of the packaged goods, analyze and determine the structure and function of the packaged product, or the functions of the accessories, and further clarify the purpose of use of the packaged products. 2) Analyze the overall structure and function of the packaging design, and scrutinize whether the relevant functions can be combined or the number of attachments can be reduced, and whether the materials are most reasonably used. 3) Whether it can also save material and reduce the volume and weight. In terms of material structure: (1) The properties of packaging materials are reasonably configured with the use of packaging; (2) The overall analysis of the product's material composition and detachability, the actual effect; (3) as much as possible to reduce the number of material types in the same packaging products, so that Sorting recovery.
3, cycle, from the packaging product's cycle to consider the green product design, to facilitate the entire product cycle cycle of resource consumption, environmental load for an overall description of the human body design methods are: 1) to establish a packaging product cycle cycle operating framework 2) List the total consumption of packaging materials, assess the energy consumption in the state of raw materials; 3) Determine the energy consumption of packaging products during transportation and use, and determine the recycling rate of recycled materials in packaging products; 4) Determine the packaging products The amount of final waste.
4. Evaluation: The constituent elements of packaging products and social ecological elements are the main evaluation index systems for green packaging design. The evaluation of the constituent elements of a product means: 1) Decomposing the packaging product into relatively independent parts and briefly describing their manufacturing processes; 2) Performing data analysis on the environmental problems and health damage conditions that may occur in each part of the production process. Assessment; 3) Take special manufacturing processes for parts that may be subject to pollution problems, or replace the harmful contamination components with rationalized product functions and structures. The evaluation of ecological factors mainly refers to: 1) Environmental property indicators, ie indicators related to the environment within the safety cycle of packaged products, including air pollution indicators, liquid pollution indicators, solid pollution indicators and noise pollution indicators. 2) The resource attribute index, namely the material resource index, design resource index, information resource index and human resource index used in the product cycle cycle. 3) The energy property index refers to the indicators such as the utilization rate of green packaging products and the energy consumption for recycling. îŸ
Third, the choice of materials in the green packaging design In the early stages of industrialization, seldom consider the impact of materials on the environment, but the choice of materials in the green packaging design is critical, it not only determines the degree of product damage to the environment, but also Determines the recyclability of products. It is a complex task to select the appropriate materials to meet the requirements of sustainable production when designing packaging products. It is also a comprehensive consideration of material properties, environmental factors and knowledge in the field. The process, therefore, designers in-depth, detailed and specific understanding and control of environmentally friendly packaging materials and applied to green packaging design practices, to minimize the pollution of the material, to maintain the ecological balance of the natural environment, the social environment, but also to promote The use of earth resources by the packaging industry is transformed from a consumptive type to a recycling type.
1. The characteristics of the material and the characteristics of the applied material often determine the effectiveness of the material energy in the production process and its use. Green packaging materials should use low-energy, low-cost, less-polluting materials, and the selected materials are easy to process, with no pollution or less pollution during processing. For example, self-destructive plastics in self-destructive materials designed and researched by China's scientific research institutes for environmental protection include the addition of special ultraviolet photosensitizers to polyolefins. These plastics can be rapidly decomposed after they are used. Therefore, the selection and application of green packaging materials mainly consider the following factors. 1) Use the same packaging material when designing similar packaging products to facilitate recycling. For example, WHIRLPOOL Germany reduced the amount of materials used for packaging from 20 to 4 to reduce the cost of waste disposal to 50%. 2) Full consideration should be given to the recycling of materials, which not only saves raw materials but also facilitates the recycling of resources. 3) The degradability of the material should be taken into account in the design. In 1997, the State Environmental Protection Agency announced the degradable plastic package.