Recently, I learned from the Beijing Printing Association about the new market analysis of the current printing price in Beijing. People in the industry have said that there are problems with the new wages in the printing industry. So what is the specific situation? The Beijing Printing Association obtained a new market analysis of the current situation in 2009 through a difficult and extensive market survey. The analysis report is as follows:
(1) The price of book printing market deviates from the basic requirements of price composition
The price of a commodity consists of two major components, namely production costs and profits. The production cost should be the average social cost, and the profit should be the average social profit. The price set according to the average social cost and average profit is the market price of the commodity, which is the basic requirement of price composition.
First of all, from the production cost and profit of the printing enterprise: From the above survey data, it shows that the printing enterprise organizes production according to the current price standard, and the marginal contribution is between 17% and 38%, reflecting the recent changes in the printing production process. Variable costs such as materials and direct labor are on the rise. With the advancement of enterprise technology, the depreciation expenses after equipment renovation and transformation have also increased accordingly; with the continuous improvement of the labor insurance system, various social insurances have experienced rigid policy growth, which has greatly increased the fixed costs of enterprises, resulting in fixed costs and variable costs. Flat. Some enterprises' variable cost and fixed cost increase the production cost close to or exceed the sales income. The result is a small profit or no profit, indicating that the printing price deviates from the basic requirements of commodity price. These are the basics of most printing companies. However, the printing price has not been adjusted for 15 years. The printing industry as a commodity processing industry cannot be like the manufacturing industry can reduce the pressure of rising production costs by increasing the ex-factory price of the goods. In order to digest the fixed costs, they have to live, and the cost of not receiving live units is greater, and the result is a vicious circle.
Secondly, from the perspective of book pricing: before the release of book pricing rights in 1993, the composition of book pricing was roughly one-third of the publication and printing (including paper). After the release of paper prices and printing prices in 1993, book pricing was also released. The principles and methods for the pricing of most publishers' books are based on the publication, printing, distribution costs and market forecasting of book counts. With the development of the market economy, on the one hand, the press fees of the publishers have increased, the advertising fees have increased, the pressure on the inventory books has increased, the funds have been precipitated, the paper purchase price and labor costs have increased, and the press has also demanded to reduce the cost of printing. Increasingly higher, some publishers began to transfer these cost-increasing factors to the printing enterprises in the process of the management system from production to production and operation, that is, lowering the wages. The printing company will organize the production itself, as long as the printing is good, there is no quality problem, no loss, although the cost is rising, but it is relatively less than the business risk of the publishing house, it has begun to accept the practice of price reduction. On the other hand, publishers, as producers of commodities, dominate the market and have the right to determine the price of goods. As a commodity processing industry, printing enterprises are passive commodity producers. They do not have the pricing power of any independent products in their operations. They can only obey the service of publishing houses, and the publishing houses and printing industries all enter the market. There can be no competition between the two industries. Therefore, the inequality of this kind of cooperative cooperation makes the publishing house account for the production cost and profit of the whole commodity production process is centered on the society, and the printing wage has not been adjusted since 1994, making the printing price more and more The more it deviates from the basic requirements of commodity prices, the more difficult it is for enterprises to accept. Judging from the pricing of some books measured by this survey, the printing cost has dropped from the original book price of about 15% (excluding paper) to an average of about 10%. On the one hand, the production costs of printing enterprises continue to increase, and some have already exceeded sales revenue. On the other hand, the proportion of printing fees in book pricing is shrinking. The publishing house is seeking new profit margins, and the profit margin of printing enterprises is inevitable. Further narrowing down.
Whether it is a publishing house or a printing factory, as an economic entity, it should pursue profit maximization. The above data indicates that most printing companies are meager or unprofitable. In comparison, the days of most publishers are always better than those of printers. As the prices of raw and auxiliary materials used by printing companies continue to rise, the price of energy and power continues to rise, the price of printing equipment has increased year by year, the labor cost has increased rigidly, and the price of wages has not been adjusted. Obviously, it does not conform to the law of the development of the book market. It has become increasingly difficult to digest these rising factors. State-owned enterprises rely on rental housing and land replacement funds. Private enterprises and foreign enterprises rely on light burdens and lean economies of scale, but support has now felt the pressure of low wages. Last year, some foreign-invested enterprises began to negotiate with the publishing unit to raise the wages. This shows that although these foreign companies have meager profits, they are also in a position that enterprises cannot support. Another example is that the price of binding has been low. When the pulp is increasing year by year, the income from waste paper can still be squatted. Since the second half of last year, the price of paper has fallen, and the price of waste paper has fallen sharply, resulting in a considerable number of bookbinding factories. Operating losses. According to statistics, there are nearly 400 original binding factories in Yanjiao District, and nearly 200 have been closed or stopped. This shows that the wages have reached the point where adjustments must be made. Although market factors such as supply and demand, competitive environment and other factors determine the price, the status quo of most printing companies reflects the unreasonable printing price, which is already a public opinion. It is an irresistible trend to formulate a basic requirement that meets the price structure and conforms to the law of market operation.
Through the market operation in recent years, a large number of publications have been printed in the Shenzhen area of ​​Guangdong. Due to the influence of the pricing method in the region, some publishers have accepted the form of the price of the printed (the) price, and the printing price has begun to be concise. development of. Improving the binding of publications, improving the quality of books and periodicals, shortening the book-making cycle, and satisfying the needs of readers have become the business objectives of publishing units. On this basis, some publishers have also carried out the work of regulating printing prices within a certain range. Quality catalogues and books use advanced technical equipment and raw and auxiliary materials. At the same time, high prices are offered on the printing price, and the price is implemented. The quality control should be the development trend of determining the reasonable printing price. Although the two sides of the social and industrial enterprises have different interests, this method of balancing interests and common development conforms to the rules of the market economy and will inevitably achieve mutual benefit and win-win.
(2) The relationship between supply and demand and the competitive environment have become important factors in determining the printing price
The supply and demand of commodities have an important impact on the price of goods. Due to the serious imbalance between supply and demand in the printing market, the supply and demand relationship and the competitive environment have become important factors in determining the printing price in the printing industry.
As a printing industry, the entry barrier for the printing industry is relatively low. The printing factory organizes production according to the order of the publishing house. There is no product backlog, the relative risk is small, it is impossible to get rich overnight, and it is impossible to lose money overnight. A relatively stable investor is a preferred industry. As a processing industry, there is no product of its own, and the rule of survival of the fittest in the manufacturing industry seems to be somewhat unsuccessful in the printing and processing industry, and there is no strict “delisting†mechanism, so as long as the enterprise is established, it can survive. .
This policy orientation has led to the spontaneous and blind development of the printing market in Beijing. The printing equipment that some large enterprises have eliminated has been purchased by newly-built SMEs due to low prices. The book printing enterprises have been more than 200 years ago. It has grown to nearly 600. The low-level repetitive construction of book printing enterprises has resulted in a relative surplus of production capacity, and the demand for supply and book markets is seriously out of balance. If the printing house is a commodity, then in the eyes of the publishing house, the printing house is a surplus of goods, and the publisher has multiple rights to choose goods. According to incomplete statistics, the annual production capacity of publications in Beijing is more than 30 million orders, while the annual publication volume of publishing units is around 22 million. If the proportion of seasonal production of textbooks is considered, the production capacity will be more serious.
The imbalance between supply and demand has led to disorderly competition among printing companies. Although the publishing market has grown slightly every year, the limited market cannot meet the needs of the printing factory. In order to win a market, enterprises have shown mutual price reduction and even developed malicious competition. The result of disorderly competition is that it has weakened the bargaining power of the printing companies and publishers, or has not qualified to negotiate prices with the publishers. This has provided conditions for the publishers to adopt price reductions to reduce their production costs, and finally form the current printing enterprises. This completely passive acceptance of the situation.
It should be said that when private enterprises and foreign enterprises first entered the printing market in Beijing, they played a positive role in solving the problem of seeking more than supply. Under the influence of this new system and mechanism full of competitive vitality, it is also a powerful impetus for the reform and development of enterprises. The disorderly low price competition forced the printing enterprises undertaking the business to use low-performance equipment and cheap and inferior raw and auxiliary materials for the processing and production of the publishing house, which also caused serious negative effects of publishing and printing. In 2005, the printing of publications in Beijing showed a retrogression in the national book appraisal, ranking the second and third in the country. The pass rate of book finished products was also greatly reduced, and the rate of readers' book withdrawal increased. This phenomenon has also attracted the attention of the publishing house. At the same time, low-price competition has also provided speculative conditions for unscrupulous booksellers and individual illegal publishing units, which has caused economic losses to some printing companies.
Printing companies are looking forward to orderly competition, which can enable enterprises to continue to develop in the past. At present, enterprises are very concerned about and actively participate in government bidding procurement work because of its openness and fairness. After all, this is a form of open competition. The printing enterprises take corresponding price decisions based on their own strengths and interests to obtain reasonable profits.
(3) The affiliation is complicated, so that the printing price cannot be adjusted for a long time.
Most of the foreign provinces and municipal publishing houses and printing enterprises are under the unified leadership of the Press and Publication Bureau. The Press and Publication Bureau plays a guiding and coordinating role as the competent government department.
In Beijing, publishing houses and printing houses belong to the central government, military, colleges and localities. State-owned enterprises, private enterprises, and foreign enterprises all play a leading role, and their affiliation is complex and numerous. Printing companies have not yet formed a large-scale large-scale group with certain strength in Beijing. Small and scattered are still important features of this industry. Although most of the members of the Printing Association are key enterprises, the number of member units only accounts for 15% of the printing enterprises in Beijing. The association lacks the ability to restrict. As a government authority, there is also a lack of supervision. The printing price in Beijing is long-term and cannot be solved. This is one of the important reasons.
(4) The hidden worry caused by the long-term unresolved printing price
The result of long-term unresolved printing prices is that most printing companies are meager or unprofitable. In the industrial chain of publishing and printing, if this status quo is not changed, it will inevitably affect the future development of the book market. Low wages and excellent quality are unlikely to be directly proportional. Factors such as lowering the use standards of raw materials will inevitably affect the quality of books. This can be seen from the quality problems reflected in the recent market quality inspections. Most of the quality problems are related to the use of inferior materials. . Low wages are like killing chickens and taking eggs. The development of printing enterprises is not enough. In recent years, the technological transformation of printing enterprises has not been as strong as the investment in previous years, and the technical update has slowed down noticeably. From the perspective of short-term benefits and long-term development, the status quo of the printing industry is not in line with the ultimate interests of the development of the publishing industry. Therefore, both sides should look at the problem at a higher level, that is, to analyze and study problems with the scientific development concept, the rising cost of printing enterprises, the continuous development of printing technology, and the continuous improvement of readers' demands, which requires us to take the road of sustainable development. To achieve a win-win situation. The price of the work, without reasonable wages to support the results will inevitably affect both interests.
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