The main research methods are functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and event-related potential (ERP). Researchers from Tsinghua University recently introduced a comprehensive introduction to the research on the components of visual consciousness related ERP, and from the relationship between different attention components and consciousness, C1 components and consciousness, high-level consciousness ERP research, and factors that affect the time course of visual consciousness At the same angle, some ideas are put forward for the future research direction.
"Consciousness" is an ambiguous word, it has multiple meanings, and most of the meanings are difficult to define accurately in a way that can be tested by psychological experiments. When it is used as a noun, such as "that patient is still conscious", it refers to a "state of consciousness" (also known as "wakefulness" or "vigilance"; when When it is used as a verb (generally in the form of "awareness"), such as "I did not realize that the red light is on", it refers to "conscious access" or "consciousness" of certain information "Conscious processing". The current definition adopted by the Institute of Psychology is the latter definition of consciousness.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and event-related potentials (ERP) are the main methods for studying the nerve related substances of consciousness. The ERP components induced by nonconscious stimuli, to study the time course of visual consciousness.
The unconscious effects produced in different paradigms may make the corresponding ERP waveforms different in time, amplitude, polarity and topographic map, but different studies have obtained 3 stable ERP components related to visual awareness, respectively P1 , "Visual awareness negativity (VAN)" and P3 or late positive positivity (LP). Where VAN refers to a negative wave with a greater amplitude generated by the conscious stimulus than the unconscious stimulus about 200 ms after the stimulus is presented.
The first component P1 is considered to be related to consciousness, but P1 is also a component related to attention; the second component VAN is very similar to the selection of negative waves (SN), and the selection of negative waves is also related to attention; the third component LP Whether it is related to consciousness, different researchers give completely opposite answers due to the different understanding of the concept of consciousness.
In addition, the current research is mainly focused on low-level consciousness. How the ERP components of higher-level consciousness are still unknown, especially there are not many domestic researchers who pay attention to and study the major issue of consciousness. In this regard, the author of the article focuses on the review of the ERP research on visual awareness and the related three ERP components, and proposes four research directions: the relationship between different attention components and consciousness, the relationship between V1 (and C1 components) and consciousness, and high-level consciousness ( higher-order consciousness) ERP research, factors that affect the time course of visual consciousness.
This article briefly introduces and analyzes the three ERP components, and points out that although many studies have obtained some relatively consistent results, there are three ERP components related to visual awareness, but these three components face some problems.
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