Introduction to textile defects (4)

(31) Colored Spot
Appearance: The surface of the fabric presents a large area without any color pollution of a certain shape.
Causes:
1. Pollution that occurs when the fabric is in a wet state when it comes into contact with dyed fabrics of different colors. The difference is more obvious if the color difference is different.
2. During processing or handling, the appliance has not been thoroughly washed.
(32) Foam pollution (Scum Spot)
Appearance: There are foam residues attached to the surface of the fabric. After drying, it becomes a large piece or thick strip with a slightly white color.
Causes: 1. There is a lot of foam in the dyeing liquid, which adheres to the cloth surface. Mostly due to improper use of dispersants and additives.
2. There is more foam in the reducing solution, especially when it is reduced after being dyed with urn dye.
3. If the phenolic coloring liquid contains impurities that cannot be diazotized, foam scum will form.
(33) Tarring Strining
Appearance: During dyeing, the dyes agglomerate with each Other and between the dyes and the additives, which makes the dyes poorly soluble. After dyeing, dark stains of stripes or short stripes occur on the fabric surface.
Causes: 1. The dye dissolves and disperses poorly, or the dye is mixed with other chemicals, and the hardness of the dyeing water is too high.
2. The combination of dyes and additives is not suitable, or the timing and order of additives are not appropriate

34) Drum contamination.

Appearance: During the dyeing and finishing process, when the cloth passes through the cylindrical device, the surface of the cylinder is unclean, such as oil, chemicals, dyes and other contaminants, which contaminate the cloth. The shape is mostly small, and there is a certain distance between the two pollutions.
Causes: 1. There are oil stains on the cloth guide roller.
2. The tar-like lake sticks to the pressure roller, or short fibers and other contaminants that fall off from the fabric.
3. The dried cylinder is sticky with oil stains and dirt.
(35) Chemicals Staining
Appearance: The surface of the fabric is discolored, stained, stained or deteriorated.
Cause: It is formed due to the infiltration of chemicals that should not be used in the fabric.
(36) Dyeing Stop Mark
Appearance: There is a trace of 2 to 10 cm wide along the weft or transverse direction of the fabric. The color is darker or lighter than normal, and the two sides have a watermark-like shape.
Causes:
During the normal operation period of the machine, due to power failure, cloth roll or other mechanical failure, when the machine suddenly stops running, the fabric is clamped between the two rollers, which occurs when the dyeing liquid or the reducing liquid is pressed.
(37) Appearance of stains: The finished product has been packed, and the fabric surface has dark spots of the same color after opening.
Causes:
The dyed and finished fabrics are packaged in a sealed package. Due to the condensation of evaporated water vapor, the dyes and processing agents with weak wet fastness will cause them to move and form speckled stains.
(38) Blurred appearance of the pattern: the lines of the printed pattern are not clear enough to make the pattern feel fuzzy.
Causes:
This kind of fabric defects mostly occur in roller printing. Poor engraving of the printing cylinder and too little scraper pressure will cause such defects.
(39) Out-of-print appearance: The patterns printed in two colors or more cannot be connected according to the original design patterns, resulting in deviations or full-faced printing.
Cause: When printing more than two colors of patterns, the position of the relationship between the plates cannot be accurately aligned.
(40) Out-of-paste appearance: some or all of the original designs are not printed.
Causes:
1. The printing paste in the roller tank of the roller printing machine is used up, not added in time, or the automatic pulp supply equipment is faulty.
2. The pulp pump failure in the printing machine in Romania.
41) The appearance of printing breaks: the pattern of thin lines is printed, and the pattern is occasionally interrupted.
Causes:
1. Because the pattern is too fine, the depth of the roller printing plate making is not enough, and the Prince of the Romanian version is not easy to penetrate the printing paste.
2. The viscosity of the prepared printing paste is high.
(42) Appearance of printed creases: No pattern is printed on the area of ​​the printed fabric with a shuttle or strip along the warp or longitudinal direction.
Cause: During printing, the fabric surface creases and overlaps, and no pattern is printed on the covered part.
(43) The appearance of the plug version: the surface of the printed fabric has small dot-shaped patterns that cannot be printed, or printed into a dot-like pattern.
Causes:
Mostly occur in the outline version or the printing of Luo Dali. The sticky mass in the printing paste is attached to the printing plate to block the passage of the printing paste.
(44) Cross-color appearance: The printed pattern is not sharp enough, and there is a phenomenon of crossing out of the pattern.
Causes: 1. The viscosity of printing paste is not enough.
2. The two-color printing paste overlaps.
(45) Appearance of printing pulp cylinder pollution: fabrics printed on white background are very uniformly contaminated with a very small amount of printing pulp, which mostly occurs in rollerized fabrics.
Causes:
1. The mirror surface of the printing roller is not enough, and it is easy to stick the printing paste.
2. The scraper is not in good contact with the printing cylinder, or the scraper is not sharpened frequently, which is not sharp enough. Black or dark patterns with large white background are most likely to occur.
(46) Scraper stain appearance: the printed fabric has a single color trace in the warp or longitudinal direction with a regular end to end. The wider ones still showed colorlessness in the central part, and gradually disappeared from the deepest to the sides.
Causes:
There are occasional agglomerations or agglomerates in the printing paste, which is pressed by the scraper of the roller printing machine and slides over part of the peripheral surface of the printing cylinder.
(47) Appearance of the printing thread: the fabric printed on the roller, the pattern printed on the fabric surface, along the warp or longitudinal direction of the fabric, one or more thin lines on the non-printing roller are printed.
Causes:
The engraving and trimming of the printing cylinder is not good, and the edge of the pattern groove is damaged by the force of the scraper. Or the printing paste is mixed with hard and tiny debris, and the printing drum will be scratched by the pattern groove.
(48) Appearance of printing trails: The fabric with the printed pattern on the roller is dots, and there are traces of dragging along the length of the fabric along the dots, making some of the pattern edges not neat.
Causes:
The paste is too heavy when printing. Uneven tension of cloth in and cloth out. The plush on the surface of the fabric accumulates on the scraper.
(49) Appearance of printing jump knife: the pattern of the printed fabric changes along the length of the fabric into a wavy color.
Cause: The blade installation and pressure of the roller printing machine are not suitable.
(50) Bad appearance of plate jointing: The continuous pattern of printed fabrics, which are not connected exactly at the joints of the plate distances, mostly occur in plate printing fabrics.
Causes: 1. The printing plate used for printing is poor in plate making.
2. The distance between the pre-printed version and the pre-printed version cannot be accurately controlled.
(51) The appearance of the seam of the base fabric is polluted: the pattern of the printed fabric has a trace of extremely blurry pattern along the width of the fabric, but the degree of blurring is not consistent across the entire fabric.
Causes:
The bottom fabric used for roller printing is loop-shaped, and the seams are thicker due to overlapping, and it is easy to absorb more moisture. After drying, it will still be damper than the general cloth. Overlaying with the printed fabric will wet the printed fabric, and the printed paste will infiltrate and diffuse.
(52) Printing Stop Mark
Appearance: The pattern of the printed fabric is along the width of the fabric, and there is a trace of the blending and infiltration of various colors of the printing paste with a full width of about 5 to 15 cm. There is no display of the pattern.
Causes:
The printing machine stops running, the printing roller or roller is not raised immediately, and continues to press on the cloth surface, causing excessive printing paste to penetrate into the cloth.
(53) The appearance of water rolling marks: on the surface of dyed or printed fabrics, there are dot-shaped or larger flake areas with lighter colors. The edges of the marks are often deeper than the central part.
Causes:
For fabrics that have not been post-processed after dyeing or printing, during storage, due to the condensation of steam in the plant and falling on the fabric, the water droplets will change color significantly, even if they are dried and cannot be restored to the original color. This is due to the combination of water droplets and dye in the form of crystal water. If you use a hot iron to dry at high temperature, it may return to its original color. The use of vat dyes to dye cellulose fiber fabrics is most noticeable when such water rolling marks occur.
(54) Appearance of hair color spots: the fabrics after priming, dyeing or printing, after the hair color treatment, the color produced by the cloth surface has lighter irregular flaky spots.
Causes:
1. ** The ratio of phenol dye base liquid to color liquid concentration is not adjusted properly.
2. The temperature after drying is too high.
3. The reducing agent used in continuous dyeing is not completely dissolved.
4. During the hot steaming process, the air in the steam box is not completely eliminated, so the fabric is in contact with the air.
5. During the hot steaming process, the temperature in the steam box is not uniform.
6. Incomplete oxidation of the dye.
7. After dyeing or printing, before the hair color, the fabric is directly exposed to sunlight.
(55) Appearance of resin spots: the finished fabric processed by resin has dry resin spots on the fabric surface. Seen as shiny reflection, it feels smooth and hard to touch.
Causes:
In the resin processing process, the resin failed to dissolve evenly. The fabric passed through the resin slurry tank and adhered to the cloth surface, and then pressed by the roller to form a sheet and adhered tightly to the cloth surface.
(56) Surface resin appearance: the finished product of resin processing, the resin floats on the cloth surface, and is gently scratched with fingernails, which will cause scratches.
Cause: During resin processing, the resin pressure absorption rate is too large, and the temperature at which drying starts is too high.
(57) Appearance of wool balls: the finished resin-processed fabric has a phenomenon of wool balls on the cloth surface. Wool fabrics, polyester staple fibers, and blended textiles with polyester staple fibers are more likely to occur.
Causes: 1. Before the resin processing, the fabric still has a lot of hairiness on the surface.
2. During resin processing, no anti-pilling agent or appropriate smoothing agent is added to the resin solution.
(58) Appearance of split yarn: weft-knitted knitting fabric, where one row of loops is pulled away and tends to be flat.
Causes:
In the weft knitted fabric, when setting or resin processing, the cloth feed direction is wrong, resulting in a row of loops being straightened.
(59) The shiny surface of the cloth: the cloth surface is too flat, and there is undesirable light, which mostly occurs in chemical fiber knitted fabrics.
Cause: When the resin is processed, the tension applied to the fabric is too large.
(60) The uneven appearance of the cloth: spread the full-length fabric of about 1 yard on a flat platform, and the cloth body has unevenness, which mostly occurs in weft woven cloth.
Causes:
The molding or resin processing effect is not good, so that the vertical and horizontal shrinkage of the fabric will be different.
(61) Poor elastic appearance: The stretched knitted fabric, after being slightly stretched in the longitudinal and horizontal directions, cannot return to its original shape, and exhibits wrinkles.
Causes:
1. The silk used for weaving has a poor fastness to crimping.
2. When setting or resin processing, the set temperature is too high, or the fabric is heated for too long at high temperature, so that the processed yarn in the fabric loses part of its recovery.
(62) Paper Like
Appearance: The fabric surface is smooth, slightly stiff, and less stretchable, just like paper.
Causes:
The chemical filamentary fibers used for fabrics have a very low shrinkage rate in boiling water, for example, only 2 to 3%. Therefore, in the process of fabric processing, they cannot shrink sufficiently, making the fabric appear paper-like.
4. Producers who are difficult to belong to and professional processors
(1) Oil warp (2) Oil weft (3) Oil yarn
(4) Oil stains (5) Water stains (6) Friction marks (Chafe Mark)
(7) Holes (8) Creases (9) Uneven hair
(10) Hair removal (11) Ripple
(1) Appearance of oil warp: A single section of warp yarn in the fabric is contaminated with grease and the like.
Causes:
Before weaving, the weft yarn is impregnated with mechanical lubricating oil when shaking, winding or wefting.
(2) Appearance of oil weft: A single section of weft yarn in the fabric is contaminated with grease and the like.
Causes:
Weft yarns are impregnated by mechanical lubricants during weaving, winding, winding or weft winding.
(3) Appearance of oily yarn: the yarn in the knitted fabric is contaminated by grease and so on in a separate section.
Cause: Before weaving, it is contaminated by oil and grease during winding or during transportation.
(4) Appearance of oil stains: Embryo cloth or finished cloth with oil stains of different sizes in roll and sheet areas.
Causes: 1. Lubricating oil splashed during weaving or dyeing and finishing process.
2. Contaminated by grease during transportation.
(5) Water-stained appearance: the fabric surface of the embryonic fabric or finished fabric has traces of natural air-drying after being immersed in water.
Causes: 1. Embryo cloth or finished cloth is impregnated with water.
2. The traces of oil warp, oil weft on the fabric, or oil stains on the fabric and the finished fabric after washing.
(6) Chafe Mark
Appearance: During processing, due to the friction of the fabric, the fabric has differences in gloss, hue, structure, etc.
Causes: 1. During the processing, the fabric was transported and placed under unexpected friction.
2. When dyeing with the Wenqi machine, slippage occurs between the elliptical wheel and the fabric.
3. In the machine of each processing process, it is rubbed by the rough surface.
(7) Appearance of broken holes: The cloth surface of the embryonic cloth or finished product has holes formed by the warp and weft yarns being cut off.
Cause: During the transportation or storage period, it was hit by sharp objects. Use hand fishing when moving.
(8) Appearance of creases: There is a trace of folds on the surface of the fabric. The unevenness is uneven to form a groove, which is wider and not thin. When tension is applied, it disappears flatly and often occurs in the direction of the length of the cloth and at the beginning and end of a cloth.
Causes:
1. The cloth surface is uneven when the fabric is folded into scabs. The pressure applied by the hydraulic press was too large.
2. There are wrinkles at the indirect seam between the furrow and furrow in the pre-treatment project.
3. The fabric opener did not fully develop the fabric width when the fabric was fed into the pre-treatment project, and the strain on the fabric was too great when the fabric was fed.
4. In the pre-treatment project, the cloth guide rollers in the machine washing tank are not parallel or bent.
5. In the pre-treatment project, the bending cloth roll before the machine press roller, the angle of adjustment is too large or too small, and the circumference of the bending cloth roll wears, and the cloth scrim is not fully spread out before entering the press roller.
6. When using the rotary cylinder dryer to scauce, the scabby has wrinkles and wraps around the cylinder.
7. When the fabric is widened or shaped, the creases that have been produced are not evened out.
(9) Uneven appearance: raised fabrics, corduroy, velvet, towels and other raised fabrics, uneven or uneven tufts or loops.
Causes: 1. The fabric is wrinkled when pulling, or the tension on the fabric is uneven.
2. The corduroy and velvet are not leveled when sheared.
3. When weaving towels, the size of the loops formed by the hair warp varies.
(10) Hair removal appearance: the tufts of sheared fabrics are easy to pull out and fall off.
Causes:
The structure of the fabric is improperly designed, and the yarn that becomes a tuft after being cut is subject to too little clamping force.
(11) Corrugated appearance: there is a large area of ​​yarn count in the fabric, and the movement is not in place, and the fabric surface has a wave bending with uneven density. The warp yarn is much thinner than the weft yarn, or the warp yarn is a filamentous fiber, and the weft yarn is a fabric that is spun most easily.
Causes:
1. When dyeing with Wenqi dyeing machine, the bath ratio is too small and the length of the input fabric is too much. The elliptical wheel rotates too fast. The fabric knot is subject to abnormal tension.
2. When dyeing with a flow dyeing machine, the amount of cloth put into the bath is more than small. The jet of the nozzle is too strong.
3. The angle of expansion of the cloth guide and the cloth roll used for continuous production of open width is too large.