With the rapid advancement of **3D printing technology**, the way antennas are manufactured for small or micro devices is undergoing a significant transformation. A notable example comes from Pulse Electronics, a San Diego-based company that recently introduced its FluidANT series. This includes the **FluidWRITER**, a specialized **3D printer** capable of directly printing antennas onto 3D objects.
Antennas play a crucial role in modern electronics, especially in smartphones, routers, and other consumer devices. It’s estimated that the global market for antennas used in such products exceeds $8 billion annually. As the Internet of Things (IoT) becomes more integrated into daily life, this market is expected to grow even faster.
Traditionally, manufacturers have relied on methods like laser direct structuring (LDS), foil stamping, or flexible substrates to embed antennas into devices. However, these techniques often come with limitations—such as high costs, material fragility, or complexity in integration.
Pulse Electronics’ **FluidWRITER** offers a new solution. Using a 6-axis robotic arm and two additional rotating axes, the system can print antennas using an inkjet process. The ink contains micron-sized silver particles, which can be applied to more affordable materials like polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA), and ABS. The printed circuit has a depth of 25 microns and a width of 400 microns. After printing, the ink is cured at around 100–110°C, making it ready for use. Each antenna can be printed in just 6 to 8 seconds, and the company has already produced over 2 million antennas using this method.
The **FluidWRITER** features several advanced capabilities:
1. Piezoelectric drive print head for precise dispensing
2. Real-time monitoring of the printing process
3. Automatic loading window for safe fixture handling
4. Valve system cooling for consistent performance
5. Nozzle heating system for optimal ink flow
6. Pressure control for syringe back pressure
7. 15-inch HMI touch screen interface
8. Intuitive user interface
9. Easy tool and fixture adjustment
10. Automatic nozzle cleaning
The machine measures 1280 x 1230 x 1700 mm and weighs approximately 830 kg. It can print at speeds up to 50 mm per second, with a maximum build size of 200 x 250 x 150 mm.
It works seamlessly with Pulse Electronics’ **FluidPATH CADCAM software**, which allows for simulation and intuitive design of conductive lines and antennas. While currently focused on antenna production, the company also sells the **FluidWRITER** to the market for $160,000.
Although the current focus is on printing antennas on 3D surfaces, the company is reportedly exploring future applications for printing other conductive components, expanding the potential of this innovative technology.
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