The separation and reorganization of wood fibres and papermaking is a science that continues to be developed, seeking a more efficient and economical method of making wood into pulp fibres, recycling pulping chemicals and bleaching pulps. It is not finished. In the past decade, these research topics have continued to produce results. The development of a more reasonable pulping method and process control system enables pulp mills to produce specialty pulps in accordance with the requirements of customers. One question raised by this question is: How far is it from the production of designer pulp?
Customers promote pulp production Lars-Ake Llndstrom is Valmet's Vice President of Fibertech Research and Development (RTD) and Product Management in Sundswall, Sweden. They see that the future trend is to look at the needs of customers, not necessarily the intentions of producers of commodity pulp. . He explained that commodity pulp producers and integrated paper mills can adopt various methods to meet the requirements of the end user in terms of quality and performance. He said: "I will see that in this field, we are continuing to work hard on the goal of moving, aiming at shooting, and continuing to develop and improve the quality of pulp. This development trend will have no fixed end."
Linstrorn said: "The pace of pulp design and development depends on three interrelated factors. This is the nature of the raw materials and their applicability, the development of new pulping technology, and the development of new products for paper, paperboard and toilet paper companies."
Raw materials must be a key factor. Bertil Stromberg, head of the cooking and diffusion pulping technology department at Andrltz-Ahlstrom Corp, noted that raw materials must be a key factor. He pointed out: "The pulp made from different raw materials has different original properties." "This requires the factory to do a good job of managing raw materials." He went on to say, "The factory has classified the storage management according to different types of wood raw materials, such as: lumber, pine, hardwood, timber plant residues and logs, in the log yard; according to the needs of the pulp type, These ingredients are mixed with."
The use of different tree species to produce pulp requires chemical pulp production equipment with greater flexibility. He said: "For example, in different cooking processes, different alkali ratios (ratio of wood chips to cooking alkali) and temperature profiles can improve the original performance of the pulp. Now, we can also increase pulp yield."
However, the greatest difficulty in producing "designer" pulp may be the capacity of the new pulp line. Stromberg explained: “The trend of the big manufacturers shifting to a single production line is not the same for special pulps, especially those with small sales volume, which makes production management difficult to handle.â€
Lulz Fernando Brandao is Information Manager at Araruz, a wood pulp giant in Brazil. The company's base is in Rio de Janeiro. Brandao said: “Smaller pulp mills are more convenient for producing products that customers demand. Small plants are more flexible and can easily change their process parameters and raw material varieties. However, for large pulp mills with an annual output of 1 million tons, There is a slight difference. Large pulp mills formulate their production processes according to their bulk raw materials, and it is difficult to change. Only a few product types of large plants can meet a variety of market needs and adopt feasible methods for economically reasonable production."
Mike Stephen is the sales manager for the Thermo Black Clawson Pulp Production Line and the Pulping Fluids Group. He thinks: It is still too early to answer the trend of "designer" pulp, whether it will continue and flourish. He said: “The cost incurred in ordering production according to customer requirements, especially the additional inventory that occurs, may hinder the development of this trend for a long time. It is also necessary to consider that additional process control is added to the factory employees. A burden will make it difficult for the paper industry to attract younger engineers. Additional process controls require the addition of additional data and control systems, which may limit the ability of the factory to accept such orders."
Development of TCF/ECF Pulp mills worldwide are setting new TCF and ECF bleaching processes. In more highly developed countries, the traditional chlorine bleaching is almost entirely converted. In addition to the requirements for environmental protection, the factory discovered that these conversions have potential benefits.
Brandao said: "The conversion to ECF or TCF does not necessarily have potential benefits. In most cases, it is environmental protection and market requirements."
Stephens noted that the cost of ECF/TCF pulp production is high, prompting the factory to learn measures such as increasing pulp yield, reducing screening slag, and recovering fiber from pulp wastewater to reduce waste loss. He said: “The combination of pulp and chlorine dioxide (CIO) production costs requires better process control, reduces the standard error of unbleached pulp kappa number, reduces pulp bleaching costs, and ensures the whiteness of bleached pulp. Filtration degree."
Lindstrom considered that the evaluation of ECF and TCF technology was just beginning. He saw that when faced with technological changes, papermakers are always willing to retreat to the old technology routes, such as chlorine bleaching; and, underestimate the potential of new technologies. He said: There is another example of this tendency, which is the lack of enthusiasm for oxygen detoxification. He said: “Oxygen delignification technology emerged as early as the 1970s, but it was not until the mid-1980s that it became part of the chemical pulp production line and became the precursor of refined pulp measures and a new generation of oxygen bleaching systems.â€
Llndstrom continued: "It can be seen that ECF and TCF have the same development trend. When the technology matures, investment and operating costs will decrease."
Strombers noted that the rapid conversion to TCF will bring two chemicals, the peroxide compounds and ozone, into the actual production of the plant. Both of these chemicals are beneficial to the quality of ECF pulp, production costs, and factory waste water.
He said: "The use of chlorine dioxide at the factory will increase the strength of the pulp and reduce the amount of extractives." "The production of TCF pulp is mainly determined by the processes and equipment used. For example, the use of ozone can reduce the resin barrier (PitCh) and pulp yellowing. With hydrogen peroxide, the opposite effect may occur."
Enzyme treatment Some plants have tried enzyme treatment to intensify pulp bleaching. Experimental studies of enzymes are now conducted in industrial laboratories. Someone asked: What are the effects of enzymes and what are their futures in the papermaking process?
Olavi Pikka is the technical director of Andritz-Ahlstrom Pulping and Alkali Recovery Systems. He believes that enzyme treatment will continue to grow and develop. He said: "The problem lies in its role in more stringent environmental protection requirements. The high temperature and closed loop filtrate system, the suitability of the enzyme treatment, but these difficulties can be overcome in the future. Enzyme treatment will be on the pulping The use of wood preparations brings great benefits".
Lindstrom envisages that, now, Kraft pulp bleaching, using enzyme treatment, is not very effective. But he also thought that through further research, it may be successful. He said: "It is not surprising that pulp or wood chips, after a good enzyme treatment, will become an integral part of the future chemical pulp production technology."
Brandao noticed that some factories have used enzymes during the bleaching process and they have been exemplified by On PaPer. But he said that the enzyme is still very expensive and difficult to control. He said: Enzyme bleaching requires a very stable process. And, only minor changes are allowed. "Changes in pH will kill enzymes; and they will spoil a lot of products." He still concluded that the paper industry should always adopt any proven technological improvements as soon as possible.
Art J. Ragauskas is a charter member of The Institute of Pa Per Set-ence and Technology (Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A., hereinafter referred to as IPST). He believes that the future development of biotechnology will be given to pulp producers. Bring huge benefits. He believes that the recent research done by IPST on enzymes and bio-bleaching is another branch of biotechnology development. “The deinking of old newspapers, and Other waste paper pulp, using enzyme treatment, is an example of a biotechnology research project. It has now become an industrialization project. Now, there are also some scientific research projects, such as the use of enzymes or fungi treatment, control resin barriers, Also entered the industrial experiment research."
Ragauskas said: Recently, in the IPST research activities, it focused on laccase biobleaching. Laccase and other oxygen-containing reductases (OX-) have been studied in order to improve the biobleaching of laccase, in order to improve the surface of the pulp fiber. While helping the development of paper biotechnology, IPST has established an Internet site: hffP:/home. Lpst. Edu/~aragau. k/Bio-Tech Road Map/bio-tech road map. Html.
Improvements in mechanical pulp Helnrlch Muenster, development and execution executive of Andrltz-Ahlstrom pulp and paper business, pointed out that in the field of mechanical wood pulp, research work is continuing; and, in the annual production of mechanical pulp worldwide, wood chips are used. The annual production of mechanical pulp (including RMP, TMP, BCTM) produced by disc mills exceeds the annual production of milled wood pulp. Most of Andritz-Ahlstrom's research and development work on mechanical pulp concentrates on reducing the overall production costs of mechanical pulp, especially in terms of saving on electricity consumption, as well as improving pulp whiteness, sheet printing performance, strength and cleanliness.
Improve the opacity and light scattering coefficient of mechanical wood pulp, which facilitates the factory to reduce the ration of paper products; and can meet the requirements of both sides of printing. Reducing the ration of printing paper can reduce the issuance cost of printed matter.
Other research work on mechanical wood pulp, such as the production of a softer pulp, improves the printability of printed paper. The proper amount of fine fiber is retained in the pulp, so that the paper sheet has a better uniformity and a higher degree of smoothness.
As for the research and development of paper pulp for packaging paper and paperboard, the research and development of the paper still continues to seek to increase the bulk of the paper pulp so as to reduce the density of the paper and paperboard and increase its stiffness. This is an important property of wrapping paper. It is also copy paper and printing paper, and can be widely used for important performance.
In the hydrogen peroxide bleaching process of mechanical wood pulp, improving pulp consistency, good agitation mixing, optimized process control, and good pulp washing can improve the end point whiteness of pulp bleaching.
Now, coniferous mechanical wood pulp can be bleached to a whiteness of 83-84% ISO, and hardwood BCTM can be whitened to 87% ISO. Muenster sees that the BCTMP production plant has increased its competition for a low-cost production plant for the world's hardwood kraft pulp.
The development of black liquor gasification in the chemical pulp production plant is of great interest to the black liquor gasification system as an alternative to traditional soda recovery furnaces. Can black liquor gasification replace traditional soda recovery furnaces, or do we need to extend the life and use of traditional soda recovery furnaces? This problem seems to be still difficult to judge.
Stephens noted: First, the alkali recovery furnace is still the most costly system in a kraft pulp mill. The black liquor gasification system needs to be self-proven and its equipment investment costs can be significantly reduced. He said: "Gasification has its advantages, but the cost of research and development of black liquor gasification is very high. If you want to use black liquor gasification instead of the traditional alkali recovery furnace, the industry must strongly support and participate in its development work."
Brandao sees that the black liquor gasification method has been used in factories that are already using conventional soda recovery furnaces, and the cost of retrofitting is very high. He said: "The black liquor gasification process also requires a lot of energy." "And will change the balance of the entire material." He noted that black gasification may have achieved good results in small-scale new factories. However, there is no practical data on how the black liquor gasification system is produced in large plants.
Karl Savlharju, Technical Director of Andrltz-Ahlstrom Alkali Recovery Furnace, explained that the black liquor pressure gasification system can have economic advantages over traditional soda recovery furnaces only when the price of biomass that can provide energy is lower than the price of poor fuel. He said: "With the current price factor, there is no economic factor for conversion into a black liquor gasification system."
Saviharju concluded: "A reservation factor for the development of black liquor gasification is determined by the government's response to greenhouse gases." Due to environmental protection, it forced the paper industry to spend a lot of money to black gasification.
Customers promote pulp production Lars-Ake Llndstrom is Valmet's Vice President of Fibertech Research and Development (RTD) and Product Management in Sundswall, Sweden. They see that the future trend is to look at the needs of customers, not necessarily the intentions of producers of commodity pulp. . He explained that commodity pulp producers and integrated paper mills can adopt various methods to meet the requirements of the end user in terms of quality and performance. He said: "I will see that in this field, we are continuing to work hard on the goal of moving, aiming at shooting, and continuing to develop and improve the quality of pulp. This development trend will have no fixed end."
Linstrorn said: "The pace of pulp design and development depends on three interrelated factors. This is the nature of the raw materials and their applicability, the development of new pulping technology, and the development of new products for paper, paperboard and toilet paper companies."
Raw materials must be a key factor. Bertil Stromberg, head of the cooking and diffusion pulping technology department at Andrltz-Ahlstrom Corp, noted that raw materials must be a key factor. He pointed out: "The pulp made from different raw materials has different original properties." "This requires the factory to do a good job of managing raw materials." He went on to say, "The factory has classified the storage management according to different types of wood raw materials, such as: lumber, pine, hardwood, timber plant residues and logs, in the log yard; according to the needs of the pulp type, These ingredients are mixed with."
The use of different tree species to produce pulp requires chemical pulp production equipment with greater flexibility. He said: "For example, in different cooking processes, different alkali ratios (ratio of wood chips to cooking alkali) and temperature profiles can improve the original performance of the pulp. Now, we can also increase pulp yield."
However, the greatest difficulty in producing "designer" pulp may be the capacity of the new pulp line. Stromberg explained: “The trend of the big manufacturers shifting to a single production line is not the same for special pulps, especially those with small sales volume, which makes production management difficult to handle.â€
Lulz Fernando Brandao is Information Manager at Araruz, a wood pulp giant in Brazil. The company's base is in Rio de Janeiro. Brandao said: “Smaller pulp mills are more convenient for producing products that customers demand. Small plants are more flexible and can easily change their process parameters and raw material varieties. However, for large pulp mills with an annual output of 1 million tons, There is a slight difference. Large pulp mills formulate their production processes according to their bulk raw materials, and it is difficult to change. Only a few product types of large plants can meet a variety of market needs and adopt feasible methods for economically reasonable production."
Mike Stephen is the sales manager for the Thermo Black Clawson Pulp Production Line and the Pulping Fluids Group. He thinks: It is still too early to answer the trend of "designer" pulp, whether it will continue and flourish. He said: “The cost incurred in ordering production according to customer requirements, especially the additional inventory that occurs, may hinder the development of this trend for a long time. It is also necessary to consider that additional process control is added to the factory employees. A burden will make it difficult for the paper industry to attract younger engineers. Additional process controls require the addition of additional data and control systems, which may limit the ability of the factory to accept such orders."
Development of TCF/ECF Pulp mills worldwide are setting new TCF and ECF bleaching processes. In more highly developed countries, the traditional chlorine bleaching is almost entirely converted. In addition to the requirements for environmental protection, the factory discovered that these conversions have potential benefits.
Brandao said: "The conversion to ECF or TCF does not necessarily have potential benefits. In most cases, it is environmental protection and market requirements."
Stephens noted that the cost of ECF/TCF pulp production is high, prompting the factory to learn measures such as increasing pulp yield, reducing screening slag, and recovering fiber from pulp wastewater to reduce waste loss. He said: “The combination of pulp and chlorine dioxide (CIO) production costs requires better process control, reduces the standard error of unbleached pulp kappa number, reduces pulp bleaching costs, and ensures the whiteness of bleached pulp. Filtration degree."
Lindstrom considered that the evaluation of ECF and TCF technology was just beginning. He saw that when faced with technological changes, papermakers are always willing to retreat to the old technology routes, such as chlorine bleaching; and, underestimate the potential of new technologies. He said: There is another example of this tendency, which is the lack of enthusiasm for oxygen detoxification. He said: “Oxygen delignification technology emerged as early as the 1970s, but it was not until the mid-1980s that it became part of the chemical pulp production line and became the precursor of refined pulp measures and a new generation of oxygen bleaching systems.â€
Llndstrom continued: "It can be seen that ECF and TCF have the same development trend. When the technology matures, investment and operating costs will decrease."
Strombers noted that the rapid conversion to TCF will bring two chemicals, the peroxide compounds and ozone, into the actual production of the plant. Both of these chemicals are beneficial to the quality of ECF pulp, production costs, and factory waste water.
He said: "The use of chlorine dioxide at the factory will increase the strength of the pulp and reduce the amount of extractives." "The production of TCF pulp is mainly determined by the processes and equipment used. For example, the use of ozone can reduce the resin barrier (PitCh) and pulp yellowing. With hydrogen peroxide, the opposite effect may occur."
Enzyme treatment Some plants have tried enzyme treatment to intensify pulp bleaching. Experimental studies of enzymes are now conducted in industrial laboratories. Someone asked: What are the effects of enzymes and what are their futures in the papermaking process?
Olavi Pikka is the technical director of Andritz-Ahlstrom Pulping and Alkali Recovery Systems. He believes that enzyme treatment will continue to grow and develop. He said: "The problem lies in its role in more stringent environmental protection requirements. The high temperature and closed loop filtrate system, the suitability of the enzyme treatment, but these difficulties can be overcome in the future. Enzyme treatment will be on the pulping The use of wood preparations brings great benefits".
Lindstrom envisages that, now, Kraft pulp bleaching, using enzyme treatment, is not very effective. But he also thought that through further research, it may be successful. He said: "It is not surprising that pulp or wood chips, after a good enzyme treatment, will become an integral part of the future chemical pulp production technology."
Brandao noticed that some factories have used enzymes during the bleaching process and they have been exemplified by On PaPer. But he said that the enzyme is still very expensive and difficult to control. He said: Enzyme bleaching requires a very stable process. And, only minor changes are allowed. "Changes in pH will kill enzymes; and they will spoil a lot of products." He still concluded that the paper industry should always adopt any proven technological improvements as soon as possible.
Art J. Ragauskas is a charter member of The Institute of Pa Per Set-ence and Technology (Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A., hereinafter referred to as IPST). He believes that the future development of biotechnology will be given to pulp producers. Bring huge benefits. He believes that the recent research done by IPST on enzymes and bio-bleaching is another branch of biotechnology development. “The deinking of old newspapers, and Other waste paper pulp, using enzyme treatment, is an example of a biotechnology research project. It has now become an industrialization project. Now, there are also some scientific research projects, such as the use of enzymes or fungi treatment, control resin barriers, Also entered the industrial experiment research."
Ragauskas said: Recently, in the IPST research activities, it focused on laccase biobleaching. Laccase and other oxygen-containing reductases (OX-) have been studied in order to improve the biobleaching of laccase, in order to improve the surface of the pulp fiber. While helping the development of paper biotechnology, IPST has established an Internet site: hffP:/home. Lpst. Edu/~aragau. k/Bio-Tech Road Map/bio-tech road map. Html.
Improvements in mechanical pulp Helnrlch Muenster, development and execution executive of Andrltz-Ahlstrom pulp and paper business, pointed out that in the field of mechanical wood pulp, research work is continuing; and, in the annual production of mechanical pulp worldwide, wood chips are used. The annual production of mechanical pulp (including RMP, TMP, BCTM) produced by disc mills exceeds the annual production of milled wood pulp. Most of Andritz-Ahlstrom's research and development work on mechanical pulp concentrates on reducing the overall production costs of mechanical pulp, especially in terms of saving on electricity consumption, as well as improving pulp whiteness, sheet printing performance, strength and cleanliness.
Improve the opacity and light scattering coefficient of mechanical wood pulp, which facilitates the factory to reduce the ration of paper products; and can meet the requirements of both sides of printing. Reducing the ration of printing paper can reduce the issuance cost of printed matter.
Other research work on mechanical wood pulp, such as the production of a softer pulp, improves the printability of printed paper. The proper amount of fine fiber is retained in the pulp, so that the paper sheet has a better uniformity and a higher degree of smoothness.
As for the research and development of paper pulp for packaging paper and paperboard, the research and development of the paper still continues to seek to increase the bulk of the paper pulp so as to reduce the density of the paper and paperboard and increase its stiffness. This is an important property of wrapping paper. It is also copy paper and printing paper, and can be widely used for important performance.
In the hydrogen peroxide bleaching process of mechanical wood pulp, improving pulp consistency, good agitation mixing, optimized process control, and good pulp washing can improve the end point whiteness of pulp bleaching.
Now, coniferous mechanical wood pulp can be bleached to a whiteness of 83-84% ISO, and hardwood BCTM can be whitened to 87% ISO. Muenster sees that the BCTMP production plant has increased its competition for a low-cost production plant for the world's hardwood kraft pulp.
The development of black liquor gasification in the chemical pulp production plant is of great interest to the black liquor gasification system as an alternative to traditional soda recovery furnaces. Can black liquor gasification replace traditional soda recovery furnaces, or do we need to extend the life and use of traditional soda recovery furnaces? This problem seems to be still difficult to judge.
Stephens noted: First, the alkali recovery furnace is still the most costly system in a kraft pulp mill. The black liquor gasification system needs to be self-proven and its equipment investment costs can be significantly reduced. He said: "Gasification has its advantages, but the cost of research and development of black liquor gasification is very high. If you want to use black liquor gasification instead of the traditional alkali recovery furnace, the industry must strongly support and participate in its development work."
Brandao sees that the black liquor gasification method has been used in factories that are already using conventional soda recovery furnaces, and the cost of retrofitting is very high. He said: "The black liquor gasification process also requires a lot of energy." "And will change the balance of the entire material." He noted that black gasification may have achieved good results in small-scale new factories. However, there is no practical data on how the black liquor gasification system is produced in large plants.
Karl Savlharju, Technical Director of Andrltz-Ahlstrom Alkali Recovery Furnace, explained that the black liquor pressure gasification system can have economic advantages over traditional soda recovery furnaces only when the price of biomass that can provide energy is lower than the price of poor fuel. He said: "With the current price factor, there is no economic factor for conversion into a black liquor gasification system."
Saviharju concluded: "A reservation factor for the development of black liquor gasification is determined by the government's response to greenhouse gases." Due to environmental protection, it forced the paper industry to spend a lot of money to black gasification.
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