Like other sports activities, mountaineering sports training is conducted according to its own characteristics and regularity, so as to improve the athlete's physical fitness and sports skills. Therefore, we must master the characteristics and regularity of the project and carry out “targeted†training before we can receive good results.
First, the characteristics of mountaineering
Mountain climbing is conducted in a unique natural environment where there are no formal venues, and there are no cheering spectators; athletes need to be oxygen-deficient, cold storms, steep rock walls, ice slopes, criss-cross cracks, etc. This is one of the characteristics of long-term activities in areas and situations that are complicated and difficult.
In the unique nature environment, the equipment and equipment used by mountaineers are various. For example, to carry out a mountaineering activity, it is often required to bring along various equipment and equipment for climbing, food, fuel, medical supplies, necessities for life, photography, and communication equipment. This is the second feature.
As mountaineering activities are conducted in a unique natural environment, subjective and objective dangers are always present, such as; steep slopes, mountain rapids, rolling stones, ice collapse, avalanches, light and dark cracks, severe storms, daylight Irradiation, severe hypoxia, and subjective and objective factors such as improper commanding, poor planning, incomplete organizational work, poor technology, and paralysis of thought, threaten the safety of athletes from time to time. This is the third feature.
Every time a mountaineering event is carried out, the amount of exercise that athletes are subjected to is quite large. Such as:
(1) Heavy weight: Take China’s Mount Everest in 75 years as an example:
Height: 7000 meters 7600 meters 8200 meters 8500 meters 8550 meters
Load per person: 20 kg 14 kg 12 kg 8 kg 5 kg
(2) The time required is long: the loading time in one day is generally 6-8 hours, and it is sometimes extended to about 10 hours; the other climbing time is also longer. Here is the statistics of the time spent on several large mountaineering activities
Year 75 82 82 91 95 96 98 98
The name of the mountain Everest Chogori Nanga Bawa Makalu Chomolulj Everest Chogori
Height 8848 meters 8611 meters 7782 meters 8463 meters 7326 meters 8848 meters 8611 meters
Time 71 days 114 days 65 days 120 days 30 days 65 days 90 days
Country China Japan Sino-Japanese Joint Japan Sino-Japanese Joint Sino-Spanish Joint Cross-strait
(3) Large physiological load: The pulse rate is generally 80-100 beats/minute at a quiet time of 6,000 meters, and the pulse rate increases to 90-164 beats/min when the activity is levelled, and 170-190 beats/min. Quietness is often around 16 beats per minute, and it can reach 40-50 beats/min during the activity; in the plain (low altitude) normal people, the pulse is usually 65-75 beats per minute, and the number of breathing is usually about 14 beats per minute. In addition, in terms of body weight, after climbing a mountain peak of 8,000 meters or more, it is important to reduce body weight by about 8-10 kilograms; this is the fourth feature.
Because the athletes' training in peacetime is not possible to perform on-the-spot training in mountain peaks and mountain areas to be climbed, simulated fitness training has to be performed in low altitude areas. This is the fifth feature.
In view of the current rapid development of international mountaineering, peaks over eight kilometers above the earth have been successively climbed by humans. As a result, mountaineers from various countries are keen to choose the peaks and difficult routes that have never been climbed by humans and break through. In the mountain climbing season (such as summer and winter), trying to climb an anaerobic mountain with peaks of more than eight kilometers, this puts higher demands on athletes. This is the sixth feature.
In the mountaineering movement, organization leadership, on-site command, logistics assurance, medical supervision, scientific research, retrieval of information, meteorological support, communication and communication, etc., although the above items are not directly related to the training work, we must pay attention and arrangements. It is the seventh feature.
Second, mountaineers' physical fitness, training methods and precautions
First, the characteristics of mountaineering
Mountain climbing is conducted in a unique natural environment where there are no formal venues, and there are no cheering spectators; athletes need to be oxygen-deficient, cold storms, steep rock walls, ice slopes, criss-cross cracks, etc. This is one of the characteristics of long-term activities in areas and situations that are complicated and difficult.
In the unique nature environment, the equipment and equipment used by mountaineers are various. For example, to carry out a mountaineering activity, it is often required to bring along various equipment and equipment for climbing, food, fuel, medical supplies, necessities for life, photography, and communication equipment. This is the second feature.
As mountaineering activities are conducted in a unique natural environment, subjective and objective dangers are always present, such as; steep slopes, mountain rapids, rolling stones, ice collapse, avalanches, light and dark cracks, severe storms, daylight Irradiation, severe hypoxia, and subjective and objective factors such as improper commanding, poor planning, incomplete organizational work, poor technology, and paralysis of thought, threaten the safety of athletes from time to time. This is the third feature.
Every time a mountaineering event is carried out, the amount of exercise that athletes are subjected to is quite large. Such as:
(1) Heavy weight: Take China’s Mount Everest in 75 years as an example:
Height: 7000 meters 7600 meters 8200 meters 8500 meters 8550 meters
Load per person: 20 kg 14 kg 12 kg 8 kg 5 kg
(2) The time required is long: the loading time in one day is generally 6-8 hours, and it is sometimes extended to about 10 hours; the other climbing time is also longer. Here is the statistics of the time spent on several large mountaineering activities
Year 75 82 82 91 95 96 98 98
The name of the mountain Everest Chogori Nanga Bawa Makalu Chomolulj Everest Chogori
Height 8848 meters 8611 meters 7782 meters 8463 meters 7326 meters 8848 meters 8611 meters
Time 71 days 114 days 65 days 120 days 30 days 65 days 90 days
Country China Japan Sino-Japanese Joint Japan Sino-Japanese Joint Sino-Spanish Joint Cross-strait
(3) Large physiological load: The pulse rate is generally 80-100 beats/minute at a quiet time of 6,000 meters, and the pulse rate increases to 90-164 beats/min when the activity is levelled, and 170-190 beats/min. Quietness is often around 16 beats per minute, and it can reach 40-50 beats/min during the activity; in the plain (low altitude) normal people, the pulse is usually 65-75 beats per minute, and the number of breathing is usually about 14 beats per minute. In addition, in terms of body weight, after climbing a mountain peak of 8,000 meters or more, it is important to reduce body weight by about 8-10 kilograms; this is the fourth feature.
Because the athletes' training in peacetime is not possible to perform on-the-spot training in mountain peaks and mountain areas to be climbed, simulated fitness training has to be performed in low altitude areas. This is the fifth feature.
In view of the current rapid development of international mountaineering, peaks over eight kilometers above the earth have been successively climbed by humans. As a result, mountaineers from various countries are keen to choose the peaks and difficult routes that have never been climbed by humans and break through. In the mountain climbing season (such as summer and winter), trying to climb an anaerobic mountain with peaks of more than eight kilometers, this puts higher demands on athletes. This is the sixth feature.
In the mountaineering movement, organization leadership, on-site command, logistics assurance, medical supervision, scientific research, retrieval of information, meteorological support, communication and communication, etc., although the above items are not directly related to the training work, we must pay attention and arrangements. It is the seventh feature.
Second, mountaineers' physical fitness, training methods and precautions
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