At present, the most effective measures for energy conservation and consumption reduction in iron and steel enterprises are large-scale energy-saving technological transformation and comprehensive utilization of waste heat and waste energy, mainly reflected in the blast furnace top gas residual pressure recovery power generation technology, dry coke quenching technology, coal humidity control technology, Comprehensive utilization of coke oven gas H2, etc. The following mainly introduces the following major energy-saving technologies:
1. Power generation technology of blast furnace top gas residual pressure recovery
The blast furnace top gas residual pressure recovery power generation technology is a technology that uses the residual pressure energy and heat energy in the blast furnace top gas to perform work through turbine expansion to drive the generator to generate electricity. The turbine TRT used is to recover the secondary energy in the ironmaking process using the pressure of the top gas of the furnace. It is an economic power generation equipment that does not consume fuel and has no pollution. The top pressure of modern blast furnace reaches 0.15 to 0.25 MPa, and there is a lot of potential energy in the top gas. TRT is to use the residual pressure of the top gas of the furnace to make the gas expand in the turbine to do work, push the turbine to rotate, and drive the generator to generate electricity. TRT power generation can recover a large amount of electricity without consuming any fuel. Depending on the pressure of the top of the furnace, each ton of iron can generate 20-40Kwh of electricity. If the blast furnace gas is dry dedusting, the power generation can increase by about 30%. Generally, the larger the furnace, the higher the furnace top pressure and the shorter the investment recovery period. This type of power generation does not consume any fuel, nor produces environmental pollution, and the low cost of power generation is a major energy-saving project in the blast furnace smelting process, and the economic benefits are very significant. This technology is very popular abroad, and is gradually being promoted in China.
2. Dry coke quenching technology
Dry coke quenching technology is relative to wet coke quenching that uses water to extinguish hot red coke, referred to as dry quenching. It is an advanced process technology for recovering the sensible heat of red hot coke and improving the operating environment, which is conducive to improving the quality of coke, reducing the energy consumption of the coking process and improving the quality of the atmospheric environment. CDQ technology is currently a widely used technology abroad.
Using CDQ can recover 80% of the sensible heat of red coke. On average, each ton of coke can recover 3.9Mp and 4500C steam of 0.45-0.6 tons. If the steam generated by these CDQ is used for power generation, when a full-condensing unit is used, the average power generation of red coke is 95-110Kwh net. After deducting CDQ's own energy consumption, including low-pressure steam, nitrogen, electricity, Pure water, etc., uses CDQ to reduce coking energy consumption by about 40kgce / t coke on average.
3. Coal humidity control technology
Coal humidity control technology is the abbreviation of the moisture control technology of the installed coal. It is a pretreatment technology for coking coal that is developed on the basis of the dry coal coking process to reduce and stabilize the converter coal moisture by heating. The core is that regardless of the moisture content of the raw materials, the moisture content of the coal charged in the furnace should be controlled within the range of 5% to 6%.
4. Coke oven gas hydrogen production technology
In addition to the power generation of steel plants, the utilization of gas resources can also be used with high added value. For example, the production of hydrogen from coke oven gas can not only increase the added value of utilization, but also help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Hydrogen production from coke oven gas is more economical than directly using more expensive natural gas and coal to produce hydrogen. It is an effective way to produce cheap hydrogen on a large scale, efficiently, and at low cost. The hydrogen production by coke oven gas adsorption is an effective measure to develop a circular economy and build a circular economy industrial chain, with significant social and economic benefits.
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